Intro; Introduction; Contents; About the Authors; List of Figures; 1 Racism and Hate Crime: Its Historical Roots; Introduction; Conceptual Ambiguity and Inconsistency; A History of Hate Crime; Anti-Semitism; Racism Directed at Early Black and Asian Immigrants; The Slave Trade; The Colonial Heritage; Competition for Scarce Resources and Political Threat; Nineteenth Century: Civil Unrest, Access Controls; Conclusion; References; 2 Immigration Control and Racially Motivated Violence: 1900 to the early 1960s; Introduction; Anti-immigrant Sentiment in the Early Twentieth Century

Racial Unrest: 1914-1939Anti-Semitism; The 1936 Public Order Act and Its Enforcement; The Second World War and Racial Discrimination; Racial Violence 1945-The Early 1960s; Immigration from the 'New Commonwealth'; The Notting Hill Race Riots and Their Aftermath; Initiatives to Combat Racial Injustices in the Early 1960s; Conclusion; References; 3 Racially Motivated Discrimination, Extremist Rhetoric, and Immigration Control: 1960 to the Early 1980s; Introduction; Race Relations and Immigration Control; The Race Relations Act 1965

Discrimination, Disadvantage, and Reforms to Race Relations LegislationThe 1976 Race Relations Act; Immigration Control; Communal Responses to Racism and Hate Crime; The Colony; The Politics of Hate; The National Front; The Conservative Party and Immigration Control; Social Reform to Alleviate Racial Disadvantage and Racism; Conclusion; References; 4 Policing, Social Disorder, and Responding to Racially Motivated Offending in the 1980s and 1990s; Introduction; Accusations of Discriminatory Policing; New Cross Fire 1981; 'Police Against Black People'; The Brixton Riots and the Scarman Inquiry

Reforms to Policing Proposed in the Scarman ReportPublic Order Act 1986; Racially Motivated Offending; Public Order Offences; Measuring Racial Attacks and Implementing Solutions; Developments to Combat Racial Violence After 1981; The Scale of Hate Crime in the Late 1980s and Early 1990s; Communal Responses to Racial Violence; Changes Affecting the Definition and Recording of Hate Crime During the 1990s; The Context of Hate Crime: Racial Prejudice and Discrimination; The Perpetrators of Racial Harassment and Violence; The Manningham Riots; Conclusion; References

5 Legislating Against Racially Aggravated Offending: From the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 to the Macpherson ReportIntroduction; The Crime and Disorder Act 1998; The Macpherson Inquiry; Racial Violence in the 1990s; Background to the Macpherson Report (1999); Findings of the Macpherson Report; Institutional Racism; Macpherson's Recommendations: (1) Responding to Racially Motivated Hatred; Reforms to Policing: (2) Police Relationships with Minority Ethnic Communities; Conclusion; References; 6 Islamophobia and the Social Cohesion Agenda; Introduction; Islamophobia Within Britain