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Intro; Supervisor's Foreword; Abstract; List of Publications; Publications; Conference Proceedings; Acknowledgements; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 Translation of Optical Imaging Techniques; 1.1 The Potential of Optical Imaging in Oncology; 1.2 Challenges of Clinical Translation of Optical Imaging Techniques; 1.3 The Optical Imaging Biomarker Roadmap; 1.3.1 Barriers to Translation of Optical Imaging Techniques; 1.3.2 Translational Characteristics of Optical Imaging Techniques; 1.4 Outlook; References; 2 Flexible Endoscopy: Early Detection of Dysplasia in Barrett's Oesophagus
2.1 Barrett's Oesophagus2.2 Improving the Standard of Care; 2.2.1 Categories of Advanced Optical Endoscopic Techniques; 2.2.2 Advanced Optical Endoscopic Techniques in Clinical Practice for Barrett's Surveillance; 2.2.3 Emerging Optical Endoscopic Techniques for Barrett's Surveillance; 2.3 Summary; References; 3 Flexible Endoscopy: Device Architecture; 3.1 Flexible Endoscopic Device Architectures; 3.2 The PolyScope Accessory Channel Endoscope; 3.3 Comb Correction Methods; 3.3.1 Experimental System; 3.3.2 Simulated Images; 3.3.3 Monochrome Image Comb Correction
3.3.4 Multispectral Image Comb Correction3.3.5 Performance Metrics; 3.3.6 Overall Performance; 3.4 Comb Correction Results; 3.4.1 Performance of Simulated Monochrome Image Corrections; 3.4.2 Performance of Experimentally Captured Monochrome Image Corrections; 3.4.3 Performance of Captured Multispectral Image Corrections; 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 4 Flexible Endoscopy: Optical Molecular Imaging; 4.1 Molecular Imaging for Endoscopic Surveillance of Barrett's Oesophagus; 4.2 The Potential of Fluorescently Labelled Lectins; 4.3 Challenges in Realising the Potential of WGA-IR800
4.4 Materials and Methods4.4.1 Fluorescent Lectin Synthesis; 4.4.2 Endoscope Design; 4.4.3 Image Acquisition and Image Corrections; 4.5 Technical Characterisation; 4.5.1 Methods; 4.5.2 Results; 4.6 Validation Using Biological Samples; 4.6.1 Methods; 4.6.2 Results; 4.7 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 5 Flexible Endoscopy: Multispectral Imaging; 5.1 Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging of Targeted Fluorescent Molecules; 5.2 Multispectral Imaging of Endogenous Contrast; 5.3 Spectrally Resolved Detector Arrays (SRDAs); 5.4 Materials and Methods; 5.4.1 Fluorescent Contrast Agents
5.4.2 Endoscope Design5.4.3 Image Acquisition and Image Corrections; 5.4.4 Spectral Unmixing; 5.5 Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging (MFI); 5.5.1 Methods; 5.5.2 Results; 5.6 Multispectral Reflectance Imaging of Endogenous Tissue Contrast; 5.6.1 Methods; 5.6.2 Results (MuSE 01); 5.7 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 6 Rigid Endoscopy for Intraoperative Imaging of Pituitary Adenoma; 6.1 Pituitary Adenoma; 6.1.1 Standard of Care; 6.1.2 Advanced Imaging of Pituitary Adenoma; 6.2 Endoscope Design; 6.3 Technical Characterisation; 6.3.1 Methods; 6.3.2 Results; 6.4 Clinical Trial; 6.4.1 Methods
2.1 Barrett's Oesophagus2.2 Improving the Standard of Care; 2.2.1 Categories of Advanced Optical Endoscopic Techniques; 2.2.2 Advanced Optical Endoscopic Techniques in Clinical Practice for Barrett's Surveillance; 2.2.3 Emerging Optical Endoscopic Techniques for Barrett's Surveillance; 2.3 Summary; References; 3 Flexible Endoscopy: Device Architecture; 3.1 Flexible Endoscopic Device Architectures; 3.2 The PolyScope Accessory Channel Endoscope; 3.3 Comb Correction Methods; 3.3.1 Experimental System; 3.3.2 Simulated Images; 3.3.3 Monochrome Image Comb Correction
3.3.4 Multispectral Image Comb Correction3.3.5 Performance Metrics; 3.3.6 Overall Performance; 3.4 Comb Correction Results; 3.4.1 Performance of Simulated Monochrome Image Corrections; 3.4.2 Performance of Experimentally Captured Monochrome Image Corrections; 3.4.3 Performance of Captured Multispectral Image Corrections; 3.5 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 4 Flexible Endoscopy: Optical Molecular Imaging; 4.1 Molecular Imaging for Endoscopic Surveillance of Barrett's Oesophagus; 4.2 The Potential of Fluorescently Labelled Lectins; 4.3 Challenges in Realising the Potential of WGA-IR800
4.4 Materials and Methods4.4.1 Fluorescent Lectin Synthesis; 4.4.2 Endoscope Design; 4.4.3 Image Acquisition and Image Corrections; 4.5 Technical Characterisation; 4.5.1 Methods; 4.5.2 Results; 4.6 Validation Using Biological Samples; 4.6.1 Methods; 4.6.2 Results; 4.7 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 5 Flexible Endoscopy: Multispectral Imaging; 5.1 Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging of Targeted Fluorescent Molecules; 5.2 Multispectral Imaging of Endogenous Contrast; 5.3 Spectrally Resolved Detector Arrays (SRDAs); 5.4 Materials and Methods; 5.4.1 Fluorescent Contrast Agents
5.4.2 Endoscope Design5.4.3 Image Acquisition and Image Corrections; 5.4.4 Spectral Unmixing; 5.5 Multispectral Fluorescence Imaging (MFI); 5.5.1 Methods; 5.5.2 Results; 5.6 Multispectral Reflectance Imaging of Endogenous Tissue Contrast; 5.6.1 Methods; 5.6.2 Results (MuSE 01); 5.7 Discussion and Conclusions; References; 6 Rigid Endoscopy for Intraoperative Imaging of Pituitary Adenoma; 6.1 Pituitary Adenoma; 6.1.1 Standard of Care; 6.1.2 Advanced Imaging of Pituitary Adenoma; 6.2 Endoscope Design; 6.3 Technical Characterisation; 6.3.1 Methods; 6.3.2 Results; 6.4 Clinical Trial; 6.4.1 Methods