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Table of Contents
Intro; Foreword; Abstract; Acknowledgements; Contents; List of Figures; List of Table; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 The Significance of Sharing Tibetan Bilingual Learners' Stories; 1.2 Myself in the Study; 1.3 Context; 1.3.1 Tibetans in China; 1.3.2 Tibetan Religion and Education; 1.4 My Five Participants; References; Local Documents; Internet Sources; Chapter 2: Understanding Bilingual Stories: Literature Review; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Bilingualism; 2.2.1 Definition of Bilingualism; 2.2.2 Different Types of Bilingualism; 2.2.3 Necessity of Bilingualism for Speakers of Minority Language
2.3 The Development of Identity2.3.1 Identity as a Representation; 2.3.2 The Role of Language in Developing Identity; 2.4 Bilingualism and Education Around the Globe; 2.4.1 Educational Policy Towards Bilingual Education and Minority Children; 2.4.1.1 Majority Language Only Policy; 2.4.1.2 Majority Language Only in Chinese Education; 2.4.1.3 Bilingual Education for Minority Children; 2.5 Brief Review of the Implementation of the Minority Education Policy in the Tibetan Context Since 1959; 2.5.1 Tibetan Language Treasured (1949-1957)
2.5.2 Tibetan Language Disappears from School Curriculums (1958-1977)2.5.3 The Period of Revival of the Tibetan Language in School Curriculum (1977-1990); 2.5.4 Minority Education Policy Focuses on "Diversity in Unity" (1990 Onwards); 2.5.5 Education Policy Focuses on Xizang Ban in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (1984-); 2.5.6 The Gap Between Tibetan Identity and Ethnic Minority Under the Patriotic Education in Schools in Tibetan Areas; 2.6 Theoretical Frames to Understand Bilingualism; 2.6.1 Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theories; 2.6.2 History in Person; 2.6.3 Language as a "Repertoire"
2.7 SummaryReferences; Local Documents; Chapter 3: Finding Stories: Methodology; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Research Approach I Am Using in My Study; 3.2.1 What Is Ethnography?; 3.2.2 Why Ethnography Is Appropriate for This Study; 3.3 Inviting Stories: Narrative Method; 3.3.1 What Is Narrative Method?; 3.4 Life History Interview in This Research; 3.4.1 Different Methods to Carry on Life History Interview; 3.4.2 Participants: Their Background and Selection; 3.5 The Importance of Documents; 3.6 Field Notes; 3.7 What Language I Used in Interviews; 3.8 Listening Their Voices: Data Analysis
3.8.1 Biographic-Narrative-Interpretive Method (BNIM)3.8.2 Narrative Analysis; 3.8.3 Narrative in Three Layers; 3.9 Organizing My Data; References; Chapter 4: Gegan's Story; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Introduction of Gegan; 4.2.1 Narrative of Selecting Gegan; 4.3 Gegan's Story: Stage One
Language Experience in a Village; 4.3.1 Gegan's Account; 4.3.2 The Interpreted Story; 4.3.2.1 Daily Language Interaction in Xiamotso; 4.3.2.2 Context: The Story Took Place in Xiamotso; 4.4 Stage Two: Learning Experience in a Chinese Primary School; 4.4.1 Gegan's Account
2.3 The Development of Identity2.3.1 Identity as a Representation; 2.3.2 The Role of Language in Developing Identity; 2.4 Bilingualism and Education Around the Globe; 2.4.1 Educational Policy Towards Bilingual Education and Minority Children; 2.4.1.1 Majority Language Only Policy; 2.4.1.2 Majority Language Only in Chinese Education; 2.4.1.3 Bilingual Education for Minority Children; 2.5 Brief Review of the Implementation of the Minority Education Policy in the Tibetan Context Since 1959; 2.5.1 Tibetan Language Treasured (1949-1957)
2.5.2 Tibetan Language Disappears from School Curriculums (1958-1977)2.5.3 The Period of Revival of the Tibetan Language in School Curriculum (1977-1990); 2.5.4 Minority Education Policy Focuses on "Diversity in Unity" (1990 Onwards); 2.5.5 Education Policy Focuses on Xizang Ban in the Tibetan Autonomous Region (1984-); 2.5.6 The Gap Between Tibetan Identity and Ethnic Minority Under the Patriotic Education in Schools in Tibetan Areas; 2.6 Theoretical Frames to Understand Bilingualism; 2.6.1 Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Theories; 2.6.2 History in Person; 2.6.3 Language as a "Repertoire"
2.7 SummaryReferences; Local Documents; Chapter 3: Finding Stories: Methodology; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 The Research Approach I Am Using in My Study; 3.2.1 What Is Ethnography?; 3.2.2 Why Ethnography Is Appropriate for This Study; 3.3 Inviting Stories: Narrative Method; 3.3.1 What Is Narrative Method?; 3.4 Life History Interview in This Research; 3.4.1 Different Methods to Carry on Life History Interview; 3.4.2 Participants: Their Background and Selection; 3.5 The Importance of Documents; 3.6 Field Notes; 3.7 What Language I Used in Interviews; 3.8 Listening Their Voices: Data Analysis
3.8.1 Biographic-Narrative-Interpretive Method (BNIM)3.8.2 Narrative Analysis; 3.8.3 Narrative in Three Layers; 3.9 Organizing My Data; References; Chapter 4: Gegan's Story; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Introduction of Gegan; 4.2.1 Narrative of Selecting Gegan; 4.3 Gegan's Story: Stage One
Language Experience in a Village; 4.3.1 Gegan's Account; 4.3.2 The Interpreted Story; 4.3.2.1 Daily Language Interaction in Xiamotso; 4.3.2.2 Context: The Story Took Place in Xiamotso; 4.4 Stage Two: Learning Experience in a Chinese Primary School; 4.4.1 Gegan's Account