Intro; Aims and Scope; Series Editor Biography; Acknowledgment; Preface; Contents; Contributors; About the Editors; Chapter 1: Introduction to the Acquisition of Resistance to Targeted Therapy; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Molecular Events Leading to the Acquisition of Resistance to Targeted Therapy; 1.2.1 Alterations in Drug Target Expression to Prevent Therapeutic Action; 1.2.2 Activation of Compensatory Pathways; 1.2.3 Activation of Alternative Pathways to Ensure Survival; 1.2.4 Epigenome: Regulating Acquired Resistance and Modifying Drug Activity

1.3 Cellular Events Contributing to the Development of Resistance1.3.1 Transformation/Dedifferentiation Mechanisms and Indirect Resistance to Therapeutic Action; 1.3.2 The Tumor Microenvironment and the Development of Resistance to Targeted Therapies; 1.3.3 The Activity of Drug Efflux Transporters; 1.3.4 Other Considerations of Mechanisms Potentially Contributing to the Acquisition of Resistance; 1.4 Specific Mechanisms of Acquired Resistance to Select Targeted Therapies; 1.4.1 Mechanisms of Resistance to Anti-Angiogenic Therapy; 1.4.2 Resistance to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

1.4.3 Resistance to Anti-Apoptosis Inhibitors1.5 Future Directions of Targeted Therapy; References; Chapter 2: Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment to Overcome Resistance to Therapy; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Key Components of the Tumor Microenvironment That Contribute to the Acquisition of Resistance; 2.2.1 Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Invasion and Metastasis; 2.2.2 Soluble Factors in the Tumor Microenvironment Modulate Tumor-Stromal Crosstalk; 2.2.3 Inflammation and Immunity Modulate the Tumorigenic Niche; 2.2.4 The Angiogenic Switch in Tumorigenesis

2.2.5 Exosomes Are the Transporters of the Tumor Microenvironment2.3 Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment to Overcome Resistance to Therapy; 2.3.1 Discovering a Novel Role of Neuraminidase-1 Activity in Multistage Tumorigenesis; 2.3.2 Role of GPCR Transactivation in Neuraminidase-1 Activity; 2.3.3 Targeting Neuraminidase-1 Activity as the Achilles Heel of the Tumor Microenvironment; 2.4 Conclusions; References; Chapter 3: Current Challenges and Applications of Oncolytic Viruses in Overcoming the Development of Resistance to Therapies in Cancer; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Types of Oncolytic Viruses

3.2.1 Adenovirus3.2.2 Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1); 3.2.3 Vaccinia Virus (VV); 3.2.4 Reovirus Type 3 Dearing; 3.2.5 Measles Virus (MV); 3.2.6 Poliovirus (PV); 3.2.7 Coxsackievirus (CV); 3.2.8 Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV); 3.2.9 Maraba Virus (MRB); 3.3 Oncolytic Viral Targeting of the Tumor Vasculature; 3.4 Targeting Components of the Tumor Extracellular Matrix with Virotherapy to Overcome Therapy Resistance; 3.4.1 Tumor Extracellular Matrix Limits Oncolytic Virus Efficacy; 3.4.2 ECM-Modifying OVs Can Overcome ECM-Mediated Resistance