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Intro; Preface; Rhodes' Postulates and the Reasons Why Pediatric and Congenital Cardiologists Should Study Exercise Physiology; Clinical Value of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Patients with CHD and Other Disorders; Contents; Contributors; Part I: The Normal Cardiopulmonary Response to Exercise; 1: Biochemistry of Exercise; Suggested Readings; 2: Oxygen Delivery; Heart Rate; Stroke Volume; Oxygen Extraction; Kinetics of Oxygen Delivery and Oxygen Debt; References; 3: Central Hemodynamics and Coronary Blood Flow During Exercise; References; 4: CO2 Elimination (V̇CO2); Tidal Volume

Respiratory RateVD/VT Ratio; Anaerobic Threshold: Implications for CO2 Elimination (and Oxygen Delivery); References; Part II: Conduct of the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test; 5: Laboratory Setup, Equipment, and Protocols; Environment; Equipment; Protocols; The 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT); Exercise Testing with Electrocardiographic Monitoring; Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET); Other Protocols; References; 6: Exercise Stress Echocardiography; Background; Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia; Assessment of Patients with Known or Suspected Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Assessment of Patients with Known or Suspected Pulmonary HypertensionConclusions; References; 7: Other Modalities: Assessment of Pulmonary Response and Measurement of Cardiac Output; Exercise Flow-Volume Loops; Measurement of Cardiac Output; Noninvasive Measurement of Cardiac Output: Inert Gas Rebreathing; Invasive Measurements of Cardiac Output; Blood Sampling During Exercise; Exercise Oscillatory Ventilation; References; 8: Supervision and Safety Precautions for Exercise Testing; References; 9: Special Considerations for Children; Introduction; Pediatric Patients and Their Families

Test EquipmentImaging Studies; Conclusion; References; 10: Special Considerations for Adults with Congenital Heart Disease; Introduction; Comorbidities; Exercise Testing; Conclusion; Reference; Part III: Interpretation of the Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test; 11: Peak Exercise Parameters; Peak V̇O2; Peak Work Rate and Endurance Time; Heart Rate; The Oxygen Pulse (O2P); Respiratory Exchange Ratio (RER); Blood Pressure; Arterial O2 Saturation; Respiratory Measurements; References; 12: Parameters from Submaximal Exercise; Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold (VAT); V̇E/V̇CO2 Slope; End-Tidal pCO2

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