@article{911231,
      recid = {911231},
      author = {Bosma, Ulbe,},
      title = {The sugar plantation in India and Indonesia : industrial  production, 1770-2010 /},
      pages = {1 online resource (337 pages) :},
      abstract = {"European markets almost exclusively relied on Caribbean  sugar produced by slave labor until abolitionist campaigns  began around 1800. Thereafter, importing Asian sugar and  transferring plantation production to Asia became a serious  option for the Western world. In this book, Ulbe Bosma  details how the British and Dutch introduced the sugar  plantation model in Asia and refashioned it over time.  Although initial attempts by British planters in India  failed, the Dutch colonial administration was far more  successful in Java, where it introduced in 1830 a system of  forced cultivation that tied local peasant production to  industrial manufacturing. A century later, India adopted  the Java model in combination with farmers' cooperatives  rather than employing coercive measures. Cooperatives did  not prevent industrial sugar production from exploiting  small farmers and cane cutters, however, and Bosma finds  that much of modern sugar production in Asia resembles the  abuses of labor by the old plantation systems of the  Caribbean"--},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/911231},
}