Intro; Foreword; Reference; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Part I: Introduction; 1: The Disease-Based Treatment of Pain; Introduction; Background and Historical Perspective; The Shift to the Anatomical Basis of Pain; The Early Pain Theories; The Specificity Theory (1811); Pattern Theory (1894); Gate Control Theory of Pain (1965); Sensitization Models; Biopsychosocial Model; Overview of the Current Pain Pathway; Types of Pain; Nociceptive Pain; Neuropathic Pain; Acute Versus Chronic Pain; Treatment: A Multimodal Approach; Pharmacological Treatments

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS)Antidepressants; Anticonvulsant Medications; Opioids; Interventional Techniques; Injection Therapy; Neuromodulation; Psychological Treatment of Pain; Conclusion: Putting It All Together; Recommended Reading; 2: Algorithms of Pain Treatment; Introduction; Assessment Algorithm; History; Physical Exam; Pain Intensity: Pain Intensity Rating Scales; Pain Quality: The McGill Pain Questionnaire; Psychological Considerations; The World Health Organization Analgesic Ladder for Cancer Pain; Criticisms; Opioid Epidemic; Opioid Guidelines

Treatment Algorithms and GuidelinesLower Back Pain; Neuropathic Pain; Fibromyalgia; Conclusion: Putting It All Together; References; 3: The Opioid Epidemic and the Need for a Pain Strategy; Introduction; Background and Historical Perspective; Uses and Indications; Evidence for Efficacy; Pearls and Pitfalls; Recommended Reading; Part II: Anatomy and Physiology of Pain; 4: Nerve Function and Neurons; Introduction; Basic Function; Morphology (Fig. 4.1); Orientation; Support Structures; Connective Tissue Relation; Sensory and Motor Nerves; Sensory Nerves; Motor Nerves

Nerve Signal Processing (Fig. 4.2)Neurotransmitters; Neuroplasticity; Sensitization; Nerve Organization in the Spinal Cord; Other Modulation Mechanisms; Summary; Recommended Reading; 5: Peripheral Nerve Anatomy; Spinal Nerves; Cervical Plexus; Brachial Plexus; Lumbar Plexus; Sacral Plexus; Autonomic Nervous System; Recommended Reading; 6: Spinal Cord Anatomy; Introduction; External Anatomy; Internal Anatomy; Gray Matter; White Matter (Fig. 6.3); The Sites of Crossing Over; Blood Supply of the Spinal Cord; Cervicothoracic Region: Comprised of C1-T2; Intermediate or Thoracic Region

Thoracolumbosacral RegionRecommended Reading; 7: Anatomy of the Brain and Brain Stem; Introduction; Brain Stem and Ascending Input; Cerebellum; Diencephalon; Cerebrum; Movement and the Basal Ganglia; Limbic System; Recommended Reading; 8: Mediators of Pain and Pain Processing; Background and Historical Perspective; Primary Processing of Pain; Ascending Pain Pathways; Receptor Activation; First-Order Neurons; Second-Order Neurons; Third-Order Neurons; Descending Pathways