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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; Contributors; List of Figures; List of Tables; Part I: Eyelid; 1: Evaluation of the Oculofacial Patient; Evaluation of the Oculofacial Patient; History; Chief Complaint; History of Present Problem; Ophthalmic History; General Medical History; General Surgical History; Psychiatric History; Allergies; Medications; Motivation for Treatment; Examination; Visual Acuity; Pupils; Motility; Ocular Surface; Tear Film; Eyelid Function; Corneal Sensation; Trichiasis; Basic Tear Secretion Testing; General Facial Assessment; Eyebrows and Forehead; Upper Eyelids
Lower EyelidsMidface; Lower Face; Lacrimal System; Tear Film and Adnexa; Dye Disappearance Test; Lacrimal Irrigation Test; Nasal Endoscopy; Imaging; Lacrimal Gland; Orbit; External Evaluation; Palpation; Auscultation; Extraocular Muscle Motility; Exophthalmometry; Differential Intraocular Pressure; Imaging; Skin; Visual Field Testing; Photography; Consultation; References; 2: Etiologies of Blepharoptosis; Introduction; Neurogenic Causes of Acquired Ptosis; Neuromuscular Junction Causes of Ptosis; Mechanical Causes of Ptosis; Pseudoptosis; Congenital Ptosis; Conclusion; References
3: External Levator Advancement and ResectionIntroduction; Preoperative Evaluation; Surgical Techniques and Variations; External Levator Aponeurosis Advancement; Small-Incision External Levator Repair; Levator Resection via External Approach; Postoperative Care; Conclusion; References; 4: Fasanella-Servat Procedure for Ptosis Correction; History; Mechanism of Action; Indications; Procedure; Surgical Technique; Complications; Discussion; References; 5: Müller's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection (MMCR) for Management of Blepharoptosis: Posterior Approach; Background; The Phenylephrine Test
Determining the Amount of Tissue to ResectSurgical Technique; Anesthesia; Technique; Postoperative Care; Additional Considerations; References; 6: Frontalis Sling; Introduction; Indications; Materials; Operative Procedure; Follow-Up; References; 7: Complications of Blepharoptosis Repair and Their Solutions; Mullerectomy/Fasanella-Servat; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Suture Keratopathy/Corneal Abrasion; Contralateral Ptosis; External Levator Advancement; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Contralateral Ptosis; Suture Keratopathy; Contour; External Levator Resection; Overcorrection
UndercorrectionLagophthalmos; Frontalis Sling; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Lagophthalmos/Exposure Keratopathy; Contour Irregularities; Eyelash Entropion; Suture Keratopathy; Other Implant-Specific Complications; Special Considerations in Ptosis Surgery; Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Syndrome; Neurogenic/Myopathic Ptosis; Full-Thickness Ptosis Resection; Conclusion; References; 8: Full-Thickness Blepharotomy; Introduction; Indications; Upper Eyelid Retraction; Mild Blepharoptosis and Congenital Ptosis; Other Etiologies; Nonsurgical Alternatives; Surgical Techniques and Variations; Upper Eyelid Retraction
Lower EyelidsMidface; Lower Face; Lacrimal System; Tear Film and Adnexa; Dye Disappearance Test; Lacrimal Irrigation Test; Nasal Endoscopy; Imaging; Lacrimal Gland; Orbit; External Evaluation; Palpation; Auscultation; Extraocular Muscle Motility; Exophthalmometry; Differential Intraocular Pressure; Imaging; Skin; Visual Field Testing; Photography; Consultation; References; 2: Etiologies of Blepharoptosis; Introduction; Neurogenic Causes of Acquired Ptosis; Neuromuscular Junction Causes of Ptosis; Mechanical Causes of Ptosis; Pseudoptosis; Congenital Ptosis; Conclusion; References
3: External Levator Advancement and ResectionIntroduction; Preoperative Evaluation; Surgical Techniques and Variations; External Levator Aponeurosis Advancement; Small-Incision External Levator Repair; Levator Resection via External Approach; Postoperative Care; Conclusion; References; 4: Fasanella-Servat Procedure for Ptosis Correction; History; Mechanism of Action; Indications; Procedure; Surgical Technique; Complications; Discussion; References; 5: Müller's Muscle-Conjunctival Resection (MMCR) for Management of Blepharoptosis: Posterior Approach; Background; The Phenylephrine Test
Determining the Amount of Tissue to ResectSurgical Technique; Anesthesia; Technique; Postoperative Care; Additional Considerations; References; 6: Frontalis Sling; Introduction; Indications; Materials; Operative Procedure; Follow-Up; References; 7: Complications of Blepharoptosis Repair and Their Solutions; Mullerectomy/Fasanella-Servat; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Suture Keratopathy/Corneal Abrasion; Contralateral Ptosis; External Levator Advancement; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Contralateral Ptosis; Suture Keratopathy; Contour; External Levator Resection; Overcorrection
UndercorrectionLagophthalmos; Frontalis Sling; Undercorrection; Overcorrection; Lagophthalmos/Exposure Keratopathy; Contour Irregularities; Eyelash Entropion; Suture Keratopathy; Other Implant-Specific Complications; Special Considerations in Ptosis Surgery; Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking Syndrome; Neurogenic/Myopathic Ptosis; Full-Thickness Ptosis Resection; Conclusion; References; 8: Full-Thickness Blepharotomy; Introduction; Indications; Upper Eyelid Retraction; Mild Blepharoptosis and Congenital Ptosis; Other Etiologies; Nonsurgical Alternatives; Surgical Techniques and Variations; Upper Eyelid Retraction