Introduction: Powers behind the presidency
Martha Dandridge Curtis Washington
Abigail Smith Adams
Martha "Patsy" Jefferson Mann and Mary "Polly" Jefferson Eppes
Dolley Payne Todd Madison
Elizabeth Kortright Monroe
Louisa Catherine Johnson Adams
Emily Tennessee Donelson and Sarah Yorke Jackson
Angelica Singleton Van Buren
Anna Tuthill Symmes Harrison
Letitia Christian Tyler
Julia Gardiner Tyler
Sarah Childress Polk
Margaret Mackall Smith Taylor
Abigail Powers Fillmore
Jane Means Appleton Pierce
Harriet Rebecca Lane Johnston
Mary Ann Todd Lincoln
Eliza McCardle Johnson
Julia Dent Grant
Lucy Ware Webb Hayes
Lucretia Rudolph Garfield
Mary Arthur McElroy
Frances Clara Folsom Cleveland
Caroline Lavinia Scott Harrison
Ida Saxton McKinley
Edith Kermit Carow Roosevelt
Helen Herron Taft
Ellen Louise Axson Wilson
Edith Bolling Galt Wilson
Florence Kling Harding
Grace Anna Goodhue Coolidge
Lou Henry Hoover
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt
Elizabeth "Bess" Virginia Wallace Truman
Mary Geneva "Mamie" Doud Eisenhower
Jacqueline Lee Bouvier Kennedy Onassis
Claudia Alta "Lady Bird" Taylor Johnson
Thelma Catherine "Pat" Ryan Nixon
Elizabeth "Betty" Bloomer Ford
Eleanor Rosalyn Smith Carter
Anne Frances "Nancy" Robbins Davis Reagan
Barbara Pierce Bush
Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton
Laura Welch Bush
Appendix 1: Formal education of the First Ladies
Appendix 2: First Ladies' birthplaces
Appendix 3: Ages on becoming First Lady
Appendix 4: First ladies' presidential marriages
Appendix 5: Martha Wayles Skelton Jefferson
Appendix 6: Rachel Donelson Jackson
Appendix 7: Hannah Hoes Van Buren
Appendix 8: Ellen Lewis Herndon Arthur.