Intro; Preface; Contents; Editor and Contributors; Abbreviations; Part I: Introductory and Background Information; 1: The History of Chito/Chitin Oligosaccharides and Its Monomer; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Chitin; 1.1.2 Chitosan; 1.1.3 Chitooligosaccharides; 1.1.4 Chitin Oligosaccharides; 1.1.5 Glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-Glucosamine; 1.2 Biological Activities of Chito/Chitin Oligosaccharides; 1.2.1 Antimicrobial Activity; 1.2.2 Antioxidant Activity; 1.2.3 Anti-inflammatory Activity; 1.2.4 Anti-tumor/Anticancer Activity; 1.2.5 Immunostimulatory Activities

1.2.6 Wound Healing and Tissue Regeneration Properties1.2.7 Hypocholesterolemic Activity; 1.2.8 Elicitors of Plant Immunity; 1.3 Future Perspectives and Limitations; References; 2: Current Studies of Chito/Chitin Oligosaccharides and Its Monomer; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Predominant Countries and Areas Research on Chito/Chitin Oligosaccharides; 2.3 The Comparation of Articles and Patents Published About COS and ChOS; 2.4 The Popularity Changes of Research on COS and ChOS Over Time; 2.5 The Future Research Trends on COS and ChOS; 2.6 Conclusion; References

Part II: Bio-Manufacturing of Chito/Chitin Oligosaccharides and Its Monomer3: Preparation of Chitooligosaccharides and Its Monomer; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Chemical Hydrolysis Methods to Generate the Oligomer; 3.3 Physical Methods Used to Enhance the Depolymerization Efficiency; 3.4 Enzymatic Methods Used to Generate the Chitooligosaccharide; 3.4.1 Nonspecific Enzymes Used for the Generation of the Chitooligosaccharides; 3.4.2 Specific Enzymes Used for the Chitooligosaccharides Generation; 3.4.2.1 Three Dimensional Structural Analyses for Chitosanases

Native Chitosanase Crystal Structure DeterminationCatalytic Mechanism; 3.4.2.2 Summary of the Extensively Studied Chitosanases; The Cleavage Mode Analysis for Chitosanase; Cleavage Specificity Analysis; The Chitooligosaccharides Product Analyses Generated by the Chitosanases; 3.4.2.3 Protein Engineering for Chitosanase and Applications of Chitosanase in the Chitosan Oligomer Generation; 3.5 Chitooligosaccharide Generation Based on the Chemoenzymatic Approach; 3.6 Future Directions of Chitooligosaccharides Preparation

3.7 Monomer (Monosaccharide) Generation: Chemical Hydrolysis, Fermentation and Enzymatic Methods3.7.1 Chemical Hydrolysis; 3.7.2 Enzymatic Methods; 3.7.3 Fermentation; 3.8 Conclusions; References; 4: Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides and Its Monomer; 4.1 Functions of Chitin Oligosaccharides; 4.2 Chemical Methods for Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides; 4.3 Physical Methods for Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides; 4.4 Enzymatic Methods for Preparation of Chitin Oligosaccharides; 4.4.1 The Pretreatments of Chitin