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Table of Contents
Intro; Contents; Part I: Theory, Strategy and Tools; Chapter 1: Urine Is Not a Human Waste but a Medical Treasure; References; Chapter 2: Human Urine Proteome: A Powerful Source for Clinical Research; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Collection and Storage; 2.2.1 The Types of Urine; 2.2.2 Protease Inhibitor; 2.2.3 Preservatives; 2.2.4 Storage Temperature; 2.2.5 Freeze-Thaw Cycle; 2.2.6 pH; 2.2.7 Standard Protocol for Urine Collection; 2.3 Urine Preserved on Membrane; 2.4 Urine Preparation; 2.4.1 Organic Solvent Precipitation; 2.4.2 Ultracentrifugation; 2.4.3 Dialysis; 2.4.4 Ultrafiltration
2.5 Normal Human Urinary Proteomes Analysis2.5.1 2-DE Approach; 2.5.2 LC-MS; 2.5.3 High-Resolution MS Analysis; 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook; References; Chapter 3: Comparison of Urinary Proteomes Among Three Animal Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Results and Analysis; 3.3 Research Prospects; References; Chapter 4: Urimem, a Membrane that Stores Urinary Components for Large-Scale Biomarker Study; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Materials and Instruments; 4.3 Method; 4.3.1 Urinary Protein's Preservation Method by Urimem; 4.3.1.1 Urinary Protein's Preservation on the NC Membrane
4.3.1.2 Elution of the Urinary Proteins from the NC Membrane4.3.2 Urinary microRNA Preservation Method by Urimem; 4.3.2.1 Urinary Nucleic Acid Preservation on the Nylon Membrane; 4.3.2.2 Elution of the Urinary Nucleic Acids from the Nylon Membrane; 4.4 Technical Roadmap; 4.5 Discussion; References; Chapter 5: Posttranslation Modifications of Human Urine; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Glycosylation; 5.3 Phosphorylation; 5.4 Acetylation; 5.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; Chapter 6: Application of Peptide Level and Posttranslational Modifications to Integrative Analyses in Proteomics
6.1 Introduction6.2 Changes in the Urinary Proteome in a PDX Model at Peptide Level; 6.3 Two Leukemia Cell Lines' Proteomic Analysis; 6.4 Open Search in Proteomics Analysis; 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 7: Urinary Protein Biomarker Database 2.0: A Literature-Curated Database for Protein Biomarkers in Urine; 7.1 The Importance of Urinary Biomarker and Biomarker Database; 7.2 Urinary Protein Biomarker Database 2.0; 7.2.1 Biomarker Descriptions in UPBD 2.0; 7.2.2 Standardization of Database Content; 7.2.3 The UPBD 2.0 Website; 7.3 Perspectives; References
Part II: Urinary Biomarkers of DiseasesChapter 8: Urine Glucose Levels Are Disordered Before Blood Glucose Level Increase Was Observed in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Materials and Methods; 8.2.1 Animal Experiments; 8.2.2 Experimental Design; 8.3 Results; 8.3.1 Metabolic Parameters; 8.3.2 Glucose Changes; 8.4 Discussion; References; Chapter 9: Cancer Biomarker Discovery in Urine of Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Models; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Changes of Urine Proteome in W256 Subcutaneous Tumor Model; 9.3 Changes of Urine Proteome in Other Tumor-Bearing Models; 9.4 Comparison of Differential Proteins Among Five Tumor-Bearing Models
2.5 Normal Human Urinary Proteomes Analysis2.5.1 2-DE Approach; 2.5.2 LC-MS; 2.5.3 High-Resolution MS Analysis; 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook; References; Chapter 3: Comparison of Urinary Proteomes Among Three Animal Models; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Results and Analysis; 3.3 Research Prospects; References; Chapter 4: Urimem, a Membrane that Stores Urinary Components for Large-Scale Biomarker Study; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Materials and Instruments; 4.3 Method; 4.3.1 Urinary Protein's Preservation Method by Urimem; 4.3.1.1 Urinary Protein's Preservation on the NC Membrane
4.3.1.2 Elution of the Urinary Proteins from the NC Membrane4.3.2 Urinary microRNA Preservation Method by Urimem; 4.3.2.1 Urinary Nucleic Acid Preservation on the Nylon Membrane; 4.3.2.2 Elution of the Urinary Nucleic Acids from the Nylon Membrane; 4.4 Technical Roadmap; 4.5 Discussion; References; Chapter 5: Posttranslation Modifications of Human Urine; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Glycosylation; 5.3 Phosphorylation; 5.4 Acetylation; 5.5 Conclusions and Future Prospects; References; Chapter 6: Application of Peptide Level and Posttranslational Modifications to Integrative Analyses in Proteomics
6.1 Introduction6.2 Changes in the Urinary Proteome in a PDX Model at Peptide Level; 6.3 Two Leukemia Cell Lines' Proteomic Analysis; 6.4 Open Search in Proteomics Analysis; 6.5 Conclusions and Outlook; References; Chapter 7: Urinary Protein Biomarker Database 2.0: A Literature-Curated Database for Protein Biomarkers in Urine; 7.1 The Importance of Urinary Biomarker and Biomarker Database; 7.2 Urinary Protein Biomarker Database 2.0; 7.2.1 Biomarker Descriptions in UPBD 2.0; 7.2.2 Standardization of Database Content; 7.2.3 The UPBD 2.0 Website; 7.3 Perspectives; References
Part II: Urinary Biomarkers of DiseasesChapter 8: Urine Glucose Levels Are Disordered Before Blood Glucose Level Increase Was Observed in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats; 8.1 Introduction; 8.2 Materials and Methods; 8.2.1 Animal Experiments; 8.2.2 Experimental Design; 8.3 Results; 8.3.1 Metabolic Parameters; 8.3.2 Glucose Changes; 8.4 Discussion; References; Chapter 9: Cancer Biomarker Discovery in Urine of Walker 256 Tumor-Bearing Models; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Changes of Urine Proteome in W256 Subcutaneous Tumor Model; 9.3 Changes of Urine Proteome in Other Tumor-Bearing Models; 9.4 Comparison of Differential Proteins Among Five Tumor-Bearing Models