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Table of Contents
Intro; Table of Content; Acknowledgments; List of Figures; List of Tables; List of Abbreviations; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Relevance of Personalized Medicine; 1.2 Hypothesis; 2 Background; 2.1 Personalized Medicine; 2.1.1 Overview of Factors Influencing Therapy Sucess; 2.1.2 Milestones of Development; 2.1.3 Term Definition; 2.1.4 Main Elements; 2.1.5 Expectations and Trends; 2.1.6 Pre-requirements and Challenges; 2.2 Innovation Theory; 2.2.1 Concepts; 2.2.2 Early Knowers and Laggards; 2.2.3 Personalized Medicine as Innovation; 3 Methodology; 3.1 Questionnaires and Interviews
3.2 Statistical Analysis3.3 Sample; 4 The United States of America as Early Knower; 4.1 Background; 4.1.1 Health Care System; 4.1.2 Acts, Institutions, Initiatives, and Networks; 4.1.3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Markets; 4.2 Personalized Medicine in the U.S.; 4.2.1 Available Personalized Products, Regulatory Policies, and Guidelines; 4.2.1.1 Next-Generation-Sequencing Tests; 4.2.1.2 Genetic Tests; 4.2.1.3 Personalized Tests; 4.2.1.4 Personalized Drugs; 4.2.1.5 Personalized Therapies; 4.2.2 Price and Financing; 4.2.2.1 Costs and Benefits; 4.2.2.2 Reimbursement Overview
4.2.2.3 Support of Governmental Agencies4.2.2.4 Reimbursement by Health Insurance Companies; 4.2.2.5 Patient Out-Of-Pocket Payments; 4.2.3 Information Technology; 4.2.3.1 Databases and Platforms; 4.2.3.2 Clinical IT Systems Supporting Pharmacogenetics; 4.2.3.3 Genetic Data Access and Security; 4.2.3.4 Data Storage and Processing; 4.2.4 Personalized Medicine Studies in the U.S.; 4.2.4.1 Personalized Medicine Awareness, Acceptance, and Use; 4.2.4.2 Genetic Privacy and Legal Protection; 4.2.4.3 Savings and Reimbursement; 4.2.4.4 Comparison of the Study Results; 4.3 Learning from the Early Knower
4.3.1 Institutional Prerequisites4.3.2 Opportunities; 4.3.3 Challenges; 5 Germany
a Follower or a Laggard; 5.1 Background; 5.1.1 Health Care System; 5.1.2 Institutions, Initiatives, and Networks; 5.1.3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Markets; 5.2 Personalized Medicine in Germany; 5.2.1 Available Personalized Drugs, Tests, and Therapies; 5.2.2 Regulatory Policies and Guidelines; 5.2.3 Price and Financing; 5.2.4 Information Technology and Data Security; 5.2.5 Personalized Medicine Studies in Germany; 6 Further Implementation of Personalized Medicine in Germany Based on Learnings from the U.S.
6.1 Approaches and Guidances6.2 Financing; 6.3 Information Technology and Data Security; 7 Personalized Medicine in European Countries; 8 Conclusion; 8.1 Main Results; 8.2 Further Development; Literature
3.2 Statistical Analysis3.3 Sample; 4 The United States of America as Early Knower; 4.1 Background; 4.1.1 Health Care System; 4.1.2 Acts, Institutions, Initiatives, and Networks; 4.1.3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Markets; 4.2 Personalized Medicine in the U.S.; 4.2.1 Available Personalized Products, Regulatory Policies, and Guidelines; 4.2.1.1 Next-Generation-Sequencing Tests; 4.2.1.2 Genetic Tests; 4.2.1.3 Personalized Tests; 4.2.1.4 Personalized Drugs; 4.2.1.5 Personalized Therapies; 4.2.2 Price and Financing; 4.2.2.1 Costs and Benefits; 4.2.2.2 Reimbursement Overview
4.2.2.3 Support of Governmental Agencies4.2.2.4 Reimbursement by Health Insurance Companies; 4.2.2.5 Patient Out-Of-Pocket Payments; 4.2.3 Information Technology; 4.2.3.1 Databases and Platforms; 4.2.3.2 Clinical IT Systems Supporting Pharmacogenetics; 4.2.3.3 Genetic Data Access and Security; 4.2.3.4 Data Storage and Processing; 4.2.4 Personalized Medicine Studies in the U.S.; 4.2.4.1 Personalized Medicine Awareness, Acceptance, and Use; 4.2.4.2 Genetic Privacy and Legal Protection; 4.2.4.3 Savings and Reimbursement; 4.2.4.4 Comparison of the Study Results; 4.3 Learning from the Early Knower
4.3.1 Institutional Prerequisites4.3.2 Opportunities; 4.3.3 Challenges; 5 Germany
a Follower or a Laggard; 5.1 Background; 5.1.1 Health Care System; 5.1.2 Institutions, Initiatives, and Networks; 5.1.3 Pharmaceutical and Medical Markets; 5.2 Personalized Medicine in Germany; 5.2.1 Available Personalized Drugs, Tests, and Therapies; 5.2.2 Regulatory Policies and Guidelines; 5.2.3 Price and Financing; 5.2.4 Information Technology and Data Security; 5.2.5 Personalized Medicine Studies in Germany; 6 Further Implementation of Personalized Medicine in Germany Based on Learnings from the U.S.
6.1 Approaches and Guidances6.2 Financing; 6.3 Information Technology and Data Security; 7 Personalized Medicine in European Countries; 8 Conclusion; 8.1 Main Results; 8.2 Further Development; Literature