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Table of Contents
Intro; Acknowledgements; Contents; About the Authors; List of Figures; List of Tables; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Definitions; 1.1.1 Elastic Language, Elasticity and Language Stretching; 1.1.2 Vague Language; 1.2 The Purpose of the Study; 1.3 The Organisation of the Book; 1.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 2 Theoretical Foundations; 2.1 Speech Act Theory; 2.2 Vague Language; 2.3 Vague Language in Different Languages and Settings; 2.3.1 Vague Language in Different Languages; 2.3.2 Vague Language in Different Settings; 2.4 Vague Language in Persuasion and Comforting
2.5 Positive/Negative Politeness/Face Theories2.6 Elastic Language and Elasticity Theory; 2.7 Linguistic Categories of Elastic (Vague) Language; 2.8 Pragmatic Functions of Elastic (Vague) Language; 2.8.1 Providing the Right Amount of Information; 2.8.2 Mitigation; 2.8.3 Politeness; 2.8.4 Solidarity; 2.8.5 Strengthening; 2.8.6 Self-Protection; 2.8.7 Withholding Information; 2.9 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Methodology; 3.1 The Rationale Behind the Research Design; 3.1.1 Mixed Methods Design; 3.1.2 Public and Formal Discourse; 3.1.3 Naturally Occurring Data; 3.1.4 Video Data; 3.2 Data
3.3 Data Analysis3.3.1 Lexical Analysis; 3.3.2 Pragmatic Function Analysis; 3.3.3 Impact Factor Analysis; 3.4 Limitations of the Research; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Elastic Language in the Chinese Data; 4.1 Lexical Items; 4.1.1 Approximate Stretcher; 4.1.2 General Stretcher; 4.1.3 Scalar Stretcher; 4.1.4 Epistemic Stretcher; 4.2 Pragmatic Functions; 4.2.1 Just-Right Elastic; 4.2.2 Rapport Elastic; 4.2.3 Mitigating Elastic; 4.2.4 Intensifying Elastic; 4.2.5 Self-Protection Elastic; 4.2.6 Evasive Elastic; 4.3 Overall Analysis; 4.4 Frequency of Lexical Items; 4.5 Concluding Remarks
6.2.1 Chinese Collaborative/Competitive Moves6.2.2 English Collaborative/Competitive Moves; 6.3 Manifestation of Elasticity; 6.3.1 Manifestation of Elasticity in the Chinese Data; 6.3.2 Manifestation of Elasticity in the English Data; 6.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 7 Elastic Language and Impact Factors; 7.1 Directness and Indirectness; 7.2 Gender Factor; 7.3 Cultural Factor; 7.4 Age Factor; 7.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 8 Conclusions; 8.1 Conclusions; 8.1.1 Research Question 1: How and Why Is EL Used in Persuasion and Comforting?
2.5 Positive/Negative Politeness/Face Theories2.6 Elastic Language and Elasticity Theory; 2.7 Linguistic Categories of Elastic (Vague) Language; 2.8 Pragmatic Functions of Elastic (Vague) Language; 2.8.1 Providing the Right Amount of Information; 2.8.2 Mitigation; 2.8.3 Politeness; 2.8.4 Solidarity; 2.8.5 Strengthening; 2.8.6 Self-Protection; 2.8.7 Withholding Information; 2.9 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Methodology; 3.1 The Rationale Behind the Research Design; 3.1.1 Mixed Methods Design; 3.1.2 Public and Formal Discourse; 3.1.3 Naturally Occurring Data; 3.1.4 Video Data; 3.2 Data
3.3 Data Analysis3.3.1 Lexical Analysis; 3.3.2 Pragmatic Function Analysis; 3.3.3 Impact Factor Analysis; 3.4 Limitations of the Research; 3.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Elastic Language in the Chinese Data; 4.1 Lexical Items; 4.1.1 Approximate Stretcher; 4.1.2 General Stretcher; 4.1.3 Scalar Stretcher; 4.1.4 Epistemic Stretcher; 4.2 Pragmatic Functions; 4.2.1 Just-Right Elastic; 4.2.2 Rapport Elastic; 4.2.3 Mitigating Elastic; 4.2.4 Intensifying Elastic; 4.2.5 Self-Protection Elastic; 4.2.6 Evasive Elastic; 4.3 Overall Analysis; 4.4 Frequency of Lexical Items; 4.5 Concluding Remarks
6.2.1 Chinese Collaborative/Competitive Moves6.2.2 English Collaborative/Competitive Moves; 6.3 Manifestation of Elasticity; 6.3.1 Manifestation of Elasticity in the Chinese Data; 6.3.2 Manifestation of Elasticity in the English Data; 6.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 7 Elastic Language and Impact Factors; 7.1 Directness and Indirectness; 7.2 Gender Factor; 7.3 Cultural Factor; 7.4 Age Factor; 7.5 Concluding Remarks; References; 8 Conclusions; 8.1 Conclusions; 8.1.1 Research Question 1: How and Why Is EL Used in Persuasion and Comforting?