@article{932717,
      recid = {932717},
      author = {Vespucci, John.},
      title = {Education level and police use of force : the impact of a  college degree /},
      publisher = {Springer,},
      address = {Cham :},
      pages = {1 online resource (64 pages).},
      year = {2020},
      abstract = {This brief presents a study addressing the impact of a  college degree upon officer use of force. The average  American municipal police academy only requires 26 weeks of  training, despite previous studies showing overwhelming  support that college educated police officers apply more  discretion in their use of force than officers without a  college degree. Taking into account contemporary  public/police conflicts and how American perceptions of  police are based largely on officer use of force, this  study offers a more current perspective on the professions  changing dynamic over the past decade. With data gathered  from over 400 officers from 143 distinct municipal police  agencies in 6 American states, the study examines the  association between a college education and the level of  force used to gain compliance during arrest situations, and  notes discrepancies between previously studied factors and  contextual variables. This brief will be useful for  researchers of policing and for those involved with police  training.},
      url = {http://library.usi.edu/record/932717},
      doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42},
}