Intro
Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1 Alternative Ethea of Citizenship: Republican, Liberal, and Communitarian
Classic Republicanism
Liberal Citizenship
Communitarian Citizenship
National Service as a Communitarian Project
Republicanism in the Israeli Context: The Mapai Period
The Rise of Liberalism: The Likud, Individualism, and Free Market Capitalism
The New Liberalism and the Demand for Equality in Service
Conclusion
2 Religious Girls and Civic National Service, 1951-1953: An Initiative That Failed

Religious Girls and the Defense Service Law, 1949
Civic Service for Women: A Republican Obligation or a Political Resource?
Determined Republicanism or Shrewd Party Politics?
Implementation: "The Devil Is in the Details"
Conclusion
3 Republicanism and Volunteerism: Civic National Service for Religious Girls, 1970-2018
The Civic National Service Initiative, 1970
The Political Upset of 1977: The Debate over National Service Resumes
Service Becomes the Norm
Civic National Service, 2010-2018
Conclusion
4 Fighting to Serve: Youth Excused from Service

Republican Obligation and Equality in Service
The Ivri Committee: A Break with Past Policy
Civic National Service: Win-Win for the State and for the Volunteer
Conclusion
5 The Haredim: Will a Communitarian Approach Bring Them to Serve?
"Blanket Deferments" to Haredim
A "Society of Scholars"
Studying the Torah Is Our Service
The Tal Law and the Introduction of Civic National Service for Haredim
Implementation of the Tal Law: The Government "Drags Its Feet"
Civic Service in the Haredi Community, 2007-2012

Policy Displacement and Confrontation: The High Court Intervenes
Military and Civic Service for Haredim: Service Law #2
The Haredim Return to the Government: Service Law #3
The High Court Intervenes Again, September 2017
Conclusion
6 From National Service to Community Volunteering: Israel's Arab Citizens and the Controversy over Civic National Service
Military Service and Citizenship in the First Decades
Arab Civic National Service: Committee Recommendations and Legislative Proposals, 1968-2000
The Impact of the Liberal Ethos: "A State of All of Its Citizens"

The Arab Response to the Civic National Service Proposals, 1990-2000
The October 2000 Events: A Catalyst for Policy Change
A Communitarian Initiative? From Civic National Service to "Community Volunteering"
Civic National Service in Arab Public Opinion
Civic National Service 2018: Evolutionary Change and the Seeds of Communitarianism
"Community Volunteering": The Challenges Ahead
Conclusion
Conclusion: Four Tribes: Is a Communitarian Model the Answer?
Notes
Bibliography
Index