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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Part I: Epidemiology, Inheritance, Environment and Pathways
Chapter 1: Introduction to Obesity and Diabetes: The Windows of Opportunity
The Problem
The Solution
Pediatric and Adult Obesity
Obesity-Induced Prediabetes or Diabetes
State of the Art
The Three (or Five) Trillion Dollar Question
Market Stratification
Ongoing Initiatives
Final Considerations
References
Chapter 2: Nutrition Transition and Obesity Trends in Argentina Within the Latin American Context
Understanding the Path to the Obesity Epidemic
The Population Context
Worldwide Changes in Recent Decades
The Burden of Obesity Worldwide
General Dietary Patterns
Findings in Latin America
Focus on Argentina
Highly Processed Foods
Physical Activity Patterns
Disease Burden
Public Health Interventions and Future Perspectives
Childhood Undernutrition and Adult Obesity
References
Chapter 3: Challenges and Economic Burden of Diabetes in Africa
Introduction
Social and Financial Burden
Challenges to Diabetes Management in Africa
Epidemiological transitions:
Access to Health Care
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Health Seeking Behaviors in Africa
Lack of Political Will
Under-Allocation of Resources
Complications and Mortality Attributable to Diabetes
Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Complications
Disability and Mortality
Economic Burden of Diabetes Mellitus
Costs Attributable to Diabetes Mellitus in Africa
Purchasing Power Parity Calculations
Direct Cost
Profile of African Countries
Indirect Cost
Intangible Cost
Cost of Diabetes Complications
Comparative Health Care Expenditures in Africa
Perspectives
National Diabetes Programs (NDPs)
Sustainable Development Goals
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
References
Chapter 4: Brown Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Diabetes
Adipose Tissue Classification: Types, Location, and Function
Clinical Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging
Magnetic Resonance (MR)
Preclinical Imaging Techniques (Thermometry, Ultrasound, and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)
Ultrasonography
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRTRS)
Secretory Activity of Brown Adipose Tissue
Brown Adipokines or ``Batokineś́
Batokines and Transplantation
Brown Adipose Tissue Signaling to Other Tissues
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue
Sympathetic BAT Innervation
Experimental Denervation
Sensory Innervation of BAT
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity and Diabetes
Sick Fat
The WAT Expandability Hypothesis
Brown Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Diabetes
BAT Dysfunction During Obesity
Therapeutic Perspectives for Brown and White Adipose Tissue Manipulation
Chemical Activation of BAT
Bat Transplantation
Direct BAT Grafting
Promises and Pitfalls of Human BAT Transplantation.
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Part I: Epidemiology, Inheritance, Environment and Pathways
Chapter 1: Introduction to Obesity and Diabetes: The Windows of Opportunity
The Problem
The Solution
Pediatric and Adult Obesity
Obesity-Induced Prediabetes or Diabetes
State of the Art
The Three (or Five) Trillion Dollar Question
Market Stratification
Ongoing Initiatives
Final Considerations
References
Chapter 2: Nutrition Transition and Obesity Trends in Argentina Within the Latin American Context
Understanding the Path to the Obesity Epidemic
The Population Context
Worldwide Changes in Recent Decades
The Burden of Obesity Worldwide
General Dietary Patterns
Findings in Latin America
Focus on Argentina
Highly Processed Foods
Physical Activity Patterns
Disease Burden
Public Health Interventions and Future Perspectives
Childhood Undernutrition and Adult Obesity
References
Chapter 3: Challenges and Economic Burden of Diabetes in Africa
Introduction
Social and Financial Burden
Challenges to Diabetes Management in Africa
Epidemiological transitions:
Access to Health Care
Knowledge, Beliefs, and Health Seeking Behaviors in Africa
Lack of Political Will
Under-Allocation of Resources
Complications and Mortality Attributable to Diabetes
Prevalence and Incidence of Diabetes Complications
Disability and Mortality
Economic Burden of Diabetes Mellitus
Costs Attributable to Diabetes Mellitus in Africa
Purchasing Power Parity Calculations
Direct Cost
Profile of African Countries
Indirect Cost
Intangible Cost
Cost of Diabetes Complications
Comparative Health Care Expenditures in Africa
Perspectives
National Diabetes Programs (NDPs)
Sustainable Development Goals
Universal Health Coverage (UHC)
References
Chapter 4: Brown Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Diabetes
Adipose Tissue Classification: Types, Location, and Function
Clinical Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging
Magnetic Resonance (MR)
Preclinical Imaging Techniques (Thermometry, Ultrasound, and Near-Infrared Spectroscopy)
Ultrasonography
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRTRS)
Secretory Activity of Brown Adipose Tissue
Brown Adipokines or ``Batokineś́
Batokines and Transplantation
Brown Adipose Tissue Signaling to Other Tissues
Neuroendocrine Regulation of Brown Adipose Tissue
Sympathetic BAT Innervation
Experimental Denervation
Sensory Innervation of BAT
Adipose Tissue Dysfunction in Obesity and Diabetes
Sick Fat
The WAT Expandability Hypothesis
Brown Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Diabetes
BAT Dysfunction During Obesity
Therapeutic Perspectives for Brown and White Adipose Tissue Manipulation
Chemical Activation of BAT
Bat Transplantation
Direct BAT Grafting
Promises and Pitfalls of Human BAT Transplantation.