Tools of presentation and general pedagogy
Textbooks: creating a national standard
The blackboard: an indispensable necessity
Standardized tests: the many guises of efficiency
The overhead projector: snapping the class to attention
Teaching machines and programmed instruction: a lifeline in a sea of students
Tools of calculation
The Abacus:palpable arithmetic
The slide rule: useful instruction for practical people
The cube root block: teaching "evolution" in the schools
Blocks, beads, and bars: learning numbers through manipulation
Tools of measurement and representation
The protractor: acute solutions for obtuse students
Metric teaching apparatus: making a lasting impression?
Graph paper: from the railroad survey to the classroom
Geometric models: ocular demonstrations
Linkages: a peculiar fascination
Electronic technology and mathematical learning
Calculators: from calculating machines to the little professor
Minicomputers: drill, programming, and instructional games
Early microcomputers: the lure of novelty
Graphing calculators and software systems: the media with a college education.