Intro
Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Why Co-producing Public Services and Public Outcomes with Citizens Is Timely
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Contextual Factors Promoting Co-production of Public Services and Outcomes
1.2.1 The Growing Interest in Co-production of Public Services and Outcomes
1.2.2 User and Community Co-production in a Context of Austerity
1.2.3 A PESTEL Analysis of the Drivers of Co-production
1.3 Academic Discourses Around User and Community Co-production
1.4 Conclusions
References

2 Distinguishing Types and Levels of Co-production: Concepts and Definitions
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Analytical Concepts of Co-production
2.2.1 Definitions of Co-production
2.2.2 Disciplinary Roots of Co-production
2.3 Normative Concepts of Co-production
2.3.1 Roots of Normative Concepts of Co-production
2.3.2 Principles of Co-production
2.3.3 Prioritising Co-production Principles
2.4 Co-production as a Form of Citizen Engagement
2.4.1 Intensity of Citizen Engagement
2.4.2 Participants in User and Community Co-production
2.5 Strategic Pathways to Co-production

2.6 A Quality Assessment Framework for Co-production
2.7 Conclusions and Recommendations
References
3 The Four Co's: Co-commissioning, Co-design, Co-delivery and Co-assessment of Public Services and Outcomes Through Traditional and Digital Mechanisms
3.1 Introduction
3.2 A Framework for Co-producing Public Services and Outcomes with Service Users and Communities: The Four Co's Model
3.3 Co-commissioning Priority Outcomes
3.3.1 Types of User and Community Co-commissioning
3.3.2 Co-commissioning Processes

3.3.3 Evidence of Improved Public Value Through User and Community Co-commissioning
3.3.4 Challenges in User and Community Co-commissioning
3.4 Co-designing Public Services and Pathways to Outcomes
3.4.1 Types of User and Community Co-design
3.4.2 Co-design Processes
3.4.3 Evidence of Improved Public Value Through User and Community Co-design
3.4.4 Challenges of User and Community Co-design
3.5 Co-delivering Public Services and Public Outcomes
3.5.1 Types of User and Community Co-delivery
3.5.2 Co-delivery Processes

3.5.3 Evidence of Improved Public Value Through User and Community Co-delivery
3.5.4 Challenges to User and Community Co-delivery
3.6 Co-assessing Public Services and Public Outcomes
3.6.1 Types of User and Community Co-assessment
3.6.2 Evidence of Improved Public Value Through User and Community Co-assessment
3.6.3 Challenges in Relation to User and Community Co-assessment
3.7 Digital Co-production
3.7.1 The Evolution of Digital Co-production
3.7.2 Digital Modes of Co-production
3.7.3 Potential Impacts of Digital Technologies on User and Community Co-production