Intro
Foreword
Preface
Contents
Part I: The Nervous System and Pain
1: Introduction to Pain
1.1 Anatomy of Pain Pathways
1.2 Physiology of Pain
1.3 Classification of Pain
1.4 Conclusion
References
2: Neurophysiology of Visceral Pain
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Clinical Presentation of Visceral Pain
2.2.1 True Visceral Pain
2.2.2 Referred Pain and Hyperalgesia (Viscero-somatic Convergence)
2.2.3 Visceral Hyperalgesia
2.2.4 Viscero-visceral Hyperalgesia
2.3 Pathophysiology of Visceral Pain

2.3.1 Visceral Nociceptors and the Primary Afferent
2.3.2 Peripheral Sensitization
2.3.2.1 Transient Receptor Potential Vallinoid
2.3.3 The Role of Dorsal Columns
2.3.4 Central Processing
2.3.5 Central Sensitization
2.3.6 Descending Control of Visceral Pain
2.3.7 The Role of Gut Microbiota in Visceral Pain
2.4 Conclusion
References
3: Neuroinflammation and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome
3.1 Chronic Pelvic Pain
3.2 Neuroinflammation
3.3 Microglia and Astrocytes in Chronic Pain
3.4 Molecular Mediators in Chronic Pain

3.5 Targeting Excessive Inflammation as a Therapy for Neuropathic Pain
3.6 Clinical Significance and Future Perspectives
3.7 PEA
3.8 Polydatin
3.9 PEA and Polydatin as Future Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain
References
Part II: The Organs, Pelvic Functions and Pain
4: Chronic Pelvic Pain and Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome: Classification and Epidemiology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Definitions
4.3 Classification
4.3.1 Classification of CPPS
4.4 Dyspareunia
4.5 Perineal Pain Syndrome
4.6 Epidemiology
References

5: Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Definition
5.3 Epidemiology
5.4 Non-bladder Syndromes (NBS)
5.5 Etiology and Pathogenesis
5.5.1 Infection
5.5.2 Mastocytosis
5.5.3 Dysfunctional Bladder Epithelium
5.5.4 Neurogenic Inflammation
5.5.5 Reduced Vascularization
5.5.6 Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
5.5.7 Autoimmunity
5.6 Diagnosis
5.7 O'Leary Sant Symptom and Pain Index
5.8 Gynecological Associated/Confusable Disease
5.9 Treatment
5.10 Multimodal Medical Therapy
5.10.1 First Line: Conservative Therapy

5.10.2 Second Line: Medical Therapy
5.11 Oral Therapy
5.11.1 Pain Modulators
5.11.2 Analgesics (Grade of Recommendation: C-Level of Evidence: 4)
5.11.2.1 Tricyclic Antidepressants(TCAs)
Doxepin, Desipramine, Duloxetine
5.11.3 Protection of the Mucosal Surface
5.11.3.1 Antihistamines
5.11.3.2 Immunosuppressant
5.11.3.3 Other Oral Medications
5.12 Intravesical Instillation or Bladder Wall Injection
5.12.1 Third to Fourth Line: Procedural Intervention
5.13 Conclusions
References