Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Abstract of the Book: System Efficiency by Renewable Electricity
1.1 Energy Demand, Potential and Resources
1.2 Energy Economy of Efficiency and Sufficiency
1.3 Storage Technologies
1.4 Distribution and Transmission Grid
1.5 Decentralized Energy Supply
1.6 Buildings and Heating Demand
1.7 Sustainable Mobility
1.8 Sector Coupling
2 Energy Demand, Potential and Resources
2.1 Development of Energy Demand
2.2 Development Goals of Renewable Energy Supply
2.3 Potential of Renewable Energy
2.3.1 Limits of Potential
2.3.2 Wind Energy
2.3.3 Photovoltaics
2.3.4 Hydropower
2.3.5 Biomass
2.4 Significance of Biomass in Renewable Energy Supply
2.5 Summary
References
3 Energy Economy of the Efficiency
3.1 Development of Generating Costs and Grid Tariffs Until 2050
3.2 Photovoltaics and the Public Ownership Model (POM)
3.3 Efficiency and Affordability
3.4 Energy Economic Assessment of Efficiency
3.5 Contracting
3.6 Efficiency Measures and Monitoring
3.7 The Rebound Effect
3.8 Gray Energy and Energy-Payback-Time
3.9 Analysis and Monitoring of Energy Efficiency
3.10 Energy Management
3.11 Summary
References
4 Efficiency and Sufficiency
4.1 Importance of Efficiency
4.2 Generation Efficiency
4.3 Usage Efficiency
4.4 Operational Efficiency
4.5 Resource Efficiency
4.6 Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)
4.7 Harvest Factor and Harvest Time in Relation to Grey Energy
4.7.1 Definitions
4.7.2 Harvest Factor of Generation Plants
4.7.3 Harvest Factor of End-Use Devices
4.8 Energy Payback Time (Energy Amortization Time)
4.9 Sufficiency and Affordability
4.10 Summary
References
5 Efficiency of Storage Technologies
5.1 Storage Technologies
5.2 Tasks of Storages.

5.3 Pumped Storage Technology
5.3.1 Change in Pumped Storages for Regenerative Energy Supply
5.3.2 Energy Economy of Pumped Storage in a Renewable Environment
5.4 Compressed Air Storage
5.5 Comparison of Storage Technologies
5.6 Accumulators
5.7 Load Leveling with Storage Capacities
5.8 Peak Load Avoidance (Peak Shaving)
5.9 Summary
References
6 Efficiency of Grids
6.1 Tasks of the Electricity Networks
6.2 Theory of Line Transmission
6.3 Operating Behavior of Overhead Lines
6.4 Operating Behavior of Cables
6.4.1 Technical Properties of Cables
6.4.2 Thermal Operating Behavior of Cables
6.4.3 Properties of Medium Voltage and High Voltage Cables
6.4.4 Dynamic Operating Behavior of Cables
6.5 Connection of Wind Farms in the High and Extra-High Voltage Grid
6.6 Safety and Reliability of Overhead Lines and Cables
6.7 Energy Economy of Grids
6.7.1 Approval Procedure and Environmental Impact Assessment
6.7.2 Energy Economic Analysis of Security of Supply
6.7.3 Energy Economic Analysis of Congestion Management
6.8 Summary
References
7 Efficiency of the Decentralized Energy Supply
7.1 Challenges of Sustainable Energy Supply
7.2 Decentralized Supply Concepts
7.2.1 Smart Grid
7.2.2 Micro Grid and Decentralized Energy Cells
7.2.3 Vertical Grid Usage and Traditional Electricity Market
7.2.4 Horizontal Grid Usage and Smart Market and Micro Market
7.3 Efficiency of Decentralized Energy Cells
7.3.1 Efficiency Strategy of the Decentralized Energy Supply
7.3.2 Possible Coverage Rate of Decentralized Energy Supply
7.4 Generation Efficiency Through Coupling of Regions
7.5 Self-Generation and Coverage Rate in the Distribution Grid with PV
7.6 Sustainable Electric Mobility in the Distribution Grid
7.7 Sustainable Supply Strategy in the Distribution Grid.

7.8 Future of Decentralized Grid Services
7.9 Summary
References
8 Efficiency of Buildings and Heating Demand
8.1 Residential Building Stock by Efficiency Classes
8.2 Energy Demand of Buildings
8.3 Heating Energy Demand
8.4 Heating Costs and Electricity Demand
8.4.1 Monovalent and Bivalent Gas Heating with Solar Thermal Energy
8.4.2 Heat Pumps: Theory and Designs
8.4.3 Design of Heat Pumps for Space Heating
8.5 Heat Pumps for Room Cooling
8.6 Direct and Storage Heating
8.7 Future Requirements for Storage Heating
8.8 Efficiency Potentials and Cost-Effectiveness of Heating Systems
8.8.1 Annual Costs of Heat Pump Types in Comparison
8.8.2 Electrical Direct and Storage Heating
8.8.3 Electricity Demand of Heat Pumps and Direct Heating
8.9 Efficiency Potential for Space Heating by 2050
8.10 Summary
References
9 Efficiency of Mobility
9.1 Characteristics of Road Traffic
9.2 Types of Electric Vehicles
9.3 Energy Demand of Vehicles
9.4 Driving resistance example
9.5 Energy Demand and Range of Electric Vehicles
9.6 Comparison of Electric and Combustion Drives
9.7 New European Driving Cycle and WLTP Cycle
9.8 Mobility Needs in Urban and Rural Areas
9.9 Efficiency Potential in the Transport Sector
9.9.1 Efficiency Through Technology
9.9.2 Efficiency Through Organization and Digitization
9.9.3 Efficiency Through User Behavior
9.10 Summary
References
10 Efficiency Through Sector Coupling
10.1 Sector Coupling
10.2 Heating Sector
Power-To-Heat
10.3 Gas Sector
Power-To-Gas
10.4 Mobility Sector-Power-To-Mobility
10.5 Potentials of Sector Coupling
10.6 Energy Economy of Sector Coupling
10.7 Summary
References
11 Options for Action
11.1 Options for Action for Building Efficiency
11.2 Options for Action for Efficient Mobility.

11.3 Options for Action in Industry and Commerce
11.4 Options for Action in the Household
11.5 Options for Action for Regenerative Generation
11.5.1 Wind Energy
11.5.2 Photovoltaics
11.5.3 Hydropower and Pumped Storage
11.5.4 Biomass
11.6 Options for action in Energy Grids
11.7 Human Factors.