Intro
Acknowledgments
Summary
A Note On Transliteration, Calendars, And References
Introduction
Contents
1 What is Political Conservatism?
1.1 Political Conservatism: Concept and History
1.1.1 Understanding Politics
1.1.2 Understanding Conservatism
1.2 Conservatism and Religion: A Brief Study of Edmund Burke
1.2.1 The Religion and the Politics: Separation and Cooperation
1.2.2 The Church and the State in Modern World
1.2.3 The Religious Movements and the State
1.2.4 The Necessity of Political Consecration

1.3 Liberal Conservatism as a Reconciliation of Liberty and Authority
2 What is Religious Reformation?
2.1 Religious Reformation: Concept and History
2.2 Political Theology of Shiism
2.2.1 An Introduction to the Political Shiism
2.2.2 The Myth of [positive] Innovation in Shiite Ușūlī School: A Case of the "Bad Rationalization"
2.2.3 The Myth of Mystical Shiism: The Negligence of Political Shiism from Corbin to Shaygan
2.2.4 Young Khomeini and his Kashf al-Asrār, 1944
2.2.5 Shiite Conservatism and Political Shiism: Khomeini Against Clergies

3 Constitutionalism, Religion & Modernization
3.1 Politics and Religion in the Late Qajar Dynasty (1905-1925)
3.2 Instrumentalist Approach of Pahlavi Toward Religion
3.2.1 Reza Shah and Religion: the Rise of Pahlavi Monarchy
3.2.2 Mohammad Reza Shah and Religion: A Paradoxical Monarchy or a Monarchy That Tried to be Secular in a Paradoxical Society
3.2.3 The Empress and the Political Meeting with "A Respected Ayatollah"
3.2.4 The Inevitability of the Instrumentalist Approach and the Peaceful Religiosity in Pahlavis

3.3 From the "Possible" Democratization to the Collapse of Pahlavi
3.3.1 The Realpolitik, the Society, and the Constitution
3.3.2 The Expeditious Collapse of the Pahlavi System
3.3.3 The Image of Shah: The Attribution of Paradoxical Characteristics
3.4 Beautiful Monarchy and Sublime Theocracy: The Political Aesthetics of Western Attitude Toward Pahlavi and Khomeini
3.4.1 Pahlavi and "Oriental Despotism"
3.4.2 Pahlavi and the Sublimity
4 From the Constitutional Revolution to the Shiite Ideology
4.1 Rethinking of Iranian Conservatism

4.1.1 The Theme is About the Monarchical Conservatism in Pre-revolutionary Iran
4.1.2 Ancient Iranian Conservatism was Relatively Tolerant as a Bureaucratic Political Authority Toward Religious Diversities
4.1.3 The Failure of Pahlavi Conservatism: On the Contradictory and Self-destructive Heritage
4.2 Islamic Revolution as a Result of Antagonism Between Politics and Religion
4.2.1 The Inevitability of the Revolution 1979: Determinism or Voluntarism
4.2.2 Revolutionary Machiavellism of the anti-Shah Opposition: The Sacred Instrumentalism