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Table of Contents
Intro
Conjunctive Markers of Contrast in English and French
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
List of tables
List of figures
List of abbreviations
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives of the study
1.3 Framework of the study
1.4 Outline of the book
2. Defining the key constructs
2.1 Issues of comparability for contrastive analysis
2.1.1 Equivalence and tertium comparationis
2.1.2 Various types of equivalence
2.1.3 Issues of circularity in contrastive linguistics: Chesterman's Contrastive Functional Analysis
2.2 Conjunctive markers
2.2.1 Cohesion and coherence
2.2.2 A focus on conjunctive cohesion
2.2.3 Different views on conjunction: Broad and narrow approaches
2.2.3.1 Taxis in Systemic Functional Linguistics
2.2.3.2 Arguments in favour of the narrow and the broad approaches to conjunction
2.2.3.3 Other approaches to conjunction
2.2.4 Towards a broad definition of conjunction
2.2.5 Some core features of conjunctive markers
2.2.5.1 Optionality
2.2.5.2 Specific features of the three types of conjunctive markers
2.3 Contrast
2.3.1 Overview of the literature on contrast
2.3.1.1 Number and types of relations of contrast
2.3.1.2 Categorisation of relations of contrast
2.3.2 Contrast in the present book
2.3.2.1 Towards a tripartite view of contrast
2.3.2.2 Features of the relations of contrast
2.4 Conclusion
3. Corpus-based contrastive approaches to conjunctive markers
3.1 Corpus-based contrastive linguistics
3.1.1 The benefits of a corpus approach to comparing languages
3.1.2 Types of corpora in contrastive linguistics
3.1.3 Register-sensitive contrastive linguistics: An emerging trend in contrastive linguistics.
3.2 Corpus-based contrastive research on conjunctive markers
3.2.1 Cross-linguistic equivalences between conjunctive markers
3.2.2 Onomasiological approaches to conjunctive markers
3.3 Conjunctive markers in English and French
3.3.1 Frequency of conjunctive markers in English and French
3.3.2 Preferred types of conjunctive markers in English and French
3.4 Conclusion
4. Systemic Functional Linguistics, corpus linguistics and the textual metafunction
4.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics: A promising synergy
4.1.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics: A 'natural affinity'
4.1.2 SFL and CL: Areas of divergence
4.1.3 Corpus-based Systemic Functional Linguistics: Where do we stand?
4.2 Zooming in on the textual metafunction
4.2.1 The textual metafunction and thematic structure: Theme and Rheme in Systemic Functional Linguistics
4.2.1.1 Theme and Rheme in Systemic Functional Linguistics
4.2.1.2 Several types of Theme
4.2.1.3 The Rheme: The parent pauvre of thematic structure
4.2.1.4 Controversy over thematic structure: Theme/Rheme boundary and cross-linguistic validity
4.2.2 Thematic structure and conjunctive markers
4.3 Conclusion
5. Data and methodology
5.1 Data
5.1.1 Comparable or translation data?
5.1.2 Description of the corpus data
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Four main methodological steps
5.2.1.1 Compilation of a list of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
5.2.1.2 Automatic extraction of the conjunctive markers from the corpus
5.2.2 Statistical methods
5.2.2.1 Frequency comparisons: The chi-square test of independence
5.2.2.1.1 Taking the internal variability of the corpus data into account
5.2.2.1.2 Description of the chi-square test of independence
5.2.2.2 Classification and Regression Trees (CART).
5.3 Conclusion
6. Beyond automatic extraction
6.1 Semantic disambiguation
6.1.1 The polyfunctionality of conjunctive markers
6.1.2 Contrast and other meaning relations: Some areas of overlap
6.1.3 Dealing with ambiguity: The use of double tags
6.2 Syntactic segmentation
6.2.1 What do conjunctive markers link?
6.2.2 Clauses in English and French
6.2.3 Distinguishing between phrasal and clausal segments
6.2.4 Coding the syntactic features of the host clause
6.3 Conclusion
7. Frequency and patterns of use of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Frequencies of conjunctive markers of contrast in English and French editorials
7.2.1 Overall frequency of conjunctive markers of contrast
7.2.2 Preferred types of conjunctive markers in English and French
7.2.3 Lexical breakdown of the corpus results
7.2.3.1 Lexical variety of conjunctive markers in English and French
7.2.3.2 Frequency features of individual conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3 Syntactic patterning of conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3.1 Syntactic patterning of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3.1.1 Syntactic patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
7.3.1.2 Syntactic patterns of English and French coordinators of contrast
7.3.1.3 Syntactic patterns of English and French subordinators of contrast
7.3.2 The syntax-discourse interface
7.3.2.1 Syntactic fragmentation as an emphatic device
7.3.2.2 Syntactic compression of contrastive linking in English and French editorials
7.3.3 The syntax-lexis interface
7.4 Conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in English and French: A cross-register comparison
7.4.1 Frequency of conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in English and French: A comparison of newspaper editorials and academic writing.
7.4.1.1 Overall frequencies of English and French conjunctive markers in LOCRA and Mult-Ed
7.4.1.2 Lexical breakdown of the corpus results
7.4.2 Syntactic patterns of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast in editorials and academic writing: A focus on sentence-initial coordinators
7.5 Conclusion
8. Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
8.1 Introduction
8.2 A Systemic Functional approach to conjunctive adjunct placement
8.3 Conjunctive adjunct placement across languages and registers: A general overview
8.3.1 Conjunctive adjunct placement in English and French: Intralingual cross-register co
8.3.2 Cross-linguistic comparison of English and French conjunctive adjunct placement: A register-sensitive account
8.3.3 Respective weight of language and register on conjunctive adjunct placement
8.4 Conjunctive adjunct placement at the syntax-discourse interface
8.4.1 Conjunctive adjunct placement in English and French: A range of discourse functions
8.4.1.1 Thematic 1 conjunctive adjuncts as 'pure' markers of conjunction
8.4.1.2 Rhematic 1 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.1.3 Rhematic 2 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.1.4 A short word on thematic 2 and rhematic 3 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.2 Discourse effects of CA placement and cross-register differences
8.5 Conjunctive adjunct placement at the syntax-lexis interface
8.5.1 Individual placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
8.5.1.1 English
8.5.1.2 French
8.5.2 The combined influence of lexis and register on conjunctive adjunct placement
8.5.2.1 English
8.5.2.2 French
8.5.2.3 Respective influence of lexis and register on English and French conjunctive adjunct placement
8.5.2.3.1 English
8.5.2.3.2 French
8.6 Conclusion
9. General conclusion.
9.1 Summary of the main findings
9.1.1 Frequency and patterns of use of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
9.1.2 Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
9.2 Main contributions of the study
9.2.1 Contribution to (contrastive) discourse analysis
9.2.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics
9.2.3 Quantitative vs qualitative/macro vs micro linguistic research
9.3 Promising avenues for future research
References
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of newspapers and academic journals included in the corpus
Appendix 2: Individual syntactic patterning of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
1. Clause types
2. Rank status
Appendix 3. Non-pruned Classification and Regression Trees emerging from the analysis of English and French conjunctive adjunct placement
Index.
Conjunctive Markers of Contrast in English and French
Editorial page
Title page
Copyright page
Table of contents
List of tables
List of figures
List of abbreviations
Acknowledgements
1. Introduction
1.1 Background
1.2 Objectives of the study
1.3 Framework of the study
1.4 Outline of the book
2. Defining the key constructs
2.1 Issues of comparability for contrastive analysis
2.1.1 Equivalence and tertium comparationis
2.1.2 Various types of equivalence
2.1.3 Issues of circularity in contrastive linguistics: Chesterman's Contrastive Functional Analysis
2.2 Conjunctive markers
2.2.1 Cohesion and coherence
2.2.2 A focus on conjunctive cohesion
2.2.3 Different views on conjunction: Broad and narrow approaches
2.2.3.1 Taxis in Systemic Functional Linguistics
2.2.3.2 Arguments in favour of the narrow and the broad approaches to conjunction
2.2.3.3 Other approaches to conjunction
2.2.4 Towards a broad definition of conjunction
2.2.5 Some core features of conjunctive markers
2.2.5.1 Optionality
2.2.5.2 Specific features of the three types of conjunctive markers
2.3 Contrast
2.3.1 Overview of the literature on contrast
2.3.1.1 Number and types of relations of contrast
2.3.1.2 Categorisation of relations of contrast
2.3.2 Contrast in the present book
2.3.2.1 Towards a tripartite view of contrast
2.3.2.2 Features of the relations of contrast
2.4 Conclusion
3. Corpus-based contrastive approaches to conjunctive markers
3.1 Corpus-based contrastive linguistics
3.1.1 The benefits of a corpus approach to comparing languages
3.1.2 Types of corpora in contrastive linguistics
3.1.3 Register-sensitive contrastive linguistics: An emerging trend in contrastive linguistics.
3.2 Corpus-based contrastive research on conjunctive markers
3.2.1 Cross-linguistic equivalences between conjunctive markers
3.2.2 Onomasiological approaches to conjunctive markers
3.3 Conjunctive markers in English and French
3.3.1 Frequency of conjunctive markers in English and French
3.3.2 Preferred types of conjunctive markers in English and French
3.4 Conclusion
4. Systemic Functional Linguistics, corpus linguistics and the textual metafunction
4.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics: A promising synergy
4.1.1 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics: A 'natural affinity'
4.1.2 SFL and CL: Areas of divergence
4.1.3 Corpus-based Systemic Functional Linguistics: Where do we stand?
4.2 Zooming in on the textual metafunction
4.2.1 The textual metafunction and thematic structure: Theme and Rheme in Systemic Functional Linguistics
4.2.1.1 Theme and Rheme in Systemic Functional Linguistics
4.2.1.2 Several types of Theme
4.2.1.3 The Rheme: The parent pauvre of thematic structure
4.2.1.4 Controversy over thematic structure: Theme/Rheme boundary and cross-linguistic validity
4.2.2 Thematic structure and conjunctive markers
4.3 Conclusion
5. Data and methodology
5.1 Data
5.1.1 Comparable or translation data?
5.1.2 Description of the corpus data
5.2 Methodology
5.2.1 Four main methodological steps
5.2.1.1 Compilation of a list of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
5.2.1.2 Automatic extraction of the conjunctive markers from the corpus
5.2.2 Statistical methods
5.2.2.1 Frequency comparisons: The chi-square test of independence
5.2.2.1.1 Taking the internal variability of the corpus data into account
5.2.2.1.2 Description of the chi-square test of independence
5.2.2.2 Classification and Regression Trees (CART).
5.3 Conclusion
6. Beyond automatic extraction
6.1 Semantic disambiguation
6.1.1 The polyfunctionality of conjunctive markers
6.1.2 Contrast and other meaning relations: Some areas of overlap
6.1.3 Dealing with ambiguity: The use of double tags
6.2 Syntactic segmentation
6.2.1 What do conjunctive markers link?
6.2.2 Clauses in English and French
6.2.3 Distinguishing between phrasal and clausal segments
6.2.4 Coding the syntactic features of the host clause
6.3 Conclusion
7. Frequency and patterns of use of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Frequencies of conjunctive markers of contrast in English and French editorials
7.2.1 Overall frequency of conjunctive markers of contrast
7.2.2 Preferred types of conjunctive markers in English and French
7.2.3 Lexical breakdown of the corpus results
7.2.3.1 Lexical variety of conjunctive markers in English and French
7.2.3.2 Frequency features of individual conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3 Syntactic patterning of conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3.1 Syntactic patterning of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
7.3.1.1 Syntactic patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
7.3.1.2 Syntactic patterns of English and French coordinators of contrast
7.3.1.3 Syntactic patterns of English and French subordinators of contrast
7.3.2 The syntax-discourse interface
7.3.2.1 Syntactic fragmentation as an emphatic device
7.3.2.2 Syntactic compression of contrastive linking in English and French editorials
7.3.3 The syntax-lexis interface
7.4 Conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in English and French: A cross-register comparison
7.4.1 Frequency of conjunctive adjuncts of contrast in English and French: A comparison of newspaper editorials and academic writing.
7.4.1.1 Overall frequencies of English and French conjunctive markers in LOCRA and Mult-Ed
7.4.1.2 Lexical breakdown of the corpus results
7.4.2 Syntactic patterns of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast in editorials and academic writing: A focus on sentence-initial coordinators
7.5 Conclusion
8. Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
8.1 Introduction
8.2 A Systemic Functional approach to conjunctive adjunct placement
8.3 Conjunctive adjunct placement across languages and registers: A general overview
8.3.1 Conjunctive adjunct placement in English and French: Intralingual cross-register co
8.3.2 Cross-linguistic comparison of English and French conjunctive adjunct placement: A register-sensitive account
8.3.3 Respective weight of language and register on conjunctive adjunct placement
8.4 Conjunctive adjunct placement at the syntax-discourse interface
8.4.1 Conjunctive adjunct placement in English and French: A range of discourse functions
8.4.1.1 Thematic 1 conjunctive adjuncts as 'pure' markers of conjunction
8.4.1.2 Rhematic 1 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.1.3 Rhematic 2 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.1.4 A short word on thematic 2 and rhematic 3 conjunctive adjuncts
8.4.2 Discourse effects of CA placement and cross-register differences
8.5 Conjunctive adjunct placement at the syntax-lexis interface
8.5.1 Individual placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
8.5.1.1 English
8.5.1.2 French
8.5.2 The combined influence of lexis and register on conjunctive adjunct placement
8.5.2.1 English
8.5.2.2 French
8.5.2.3 Respective influence of lexis and register on English and French conjunctive adjunct placement
8.5.2.3.1 English
8.5.2.3.2 French
8.6 Conclusion
9. General conclusion.
9.1 Summary of the main findings
9.1.1 Frequency and patterns of use of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
9.1.2 Placement patterns of English and French conjunctive adjuncts of contrast
9.2 Main contributions of the study
9.2.1 Contribution to (contrastive) discourse analysis
9.2.2 Systemic Functional Linguistics and corpus linguistics
9.2.3 Quantitative vs qualitative/macro vs micro linguistic research
9.3 Promising avenues for future research
References
Appendices
Appendix 1: List of newspapers and academic journals included in the corpus
Appendix 2: Individual syntactic patterning of English and French conjunctive markers of contrast
1. Clause types
2. Rank status
Appendix 3. Non-pruned Classification and Regression Trees emerging from the analysis of English and French conjunctive adjunct placement
Index.