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Table of Contents
Intro
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgment
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1: Introduction and Perspective in Carcinogenesis
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs): Origin and Roles in Carcinogenesis
1.3 Detection and Isolation of CSCs in Various Cancers
1.4 Clinical Significance of CSCs
1.5 Future Perspective: Therapeutics Targeting CSC
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Origin and Development of Cancer Stem Cells
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Stem Cell Definition
2.3 Stem Cell Models
2.4 Cancer Two-Step Model
2.5 History of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)
2.5.1 Nineteenth Century
2.5.2 Twentieth Century
2.5.3 Twenty-First Century
2.5.4 Symmetric and Asymmetric Model of CSC Development
2.5.5 Genetic Mutations and Signaling Model of CSC Development
2.5.6 Microenvironment Model of CSC Development
2.5.7 Embryonic Model of CSC Development
2.6 Conclusions
References
3: Detection and Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Detection and Isolation of Stem Cell
3.3 Expansion to CSCs: Cell Sorting Methods
3.4 The Leukemia Stem Cell: Initial Biomarkers
3.5 Transition to Solid Tumor CSCs: Biomarker Variability
3.6 Focus on CSC Quiescence: Side Population (SP) Analysis
3.7 Functional Isolation: In Vitro Tumorsphere, Tumorigenicity, and Chemoresistance Assays
3.8 Current State of Isolation and Detection Methods: Concluding Statements
References
4: The Genetic and Epigenetic Landscape of Cancer Stem Cells
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Genetics of Cancer Stem Cells
4.3 Epigenetics of Cancer Stem Cells
4.4 Histone Modification
4.5 DNA Methylation
4.6 Chromatin Remodeling
4.7 Noncoding RNAs
4.8 Genetic and Epigenetic Makeup of CSC and Inflammation
4.9 Clinical Significance of CSC Genetic and Epigenetic Changes
4.10 Concluding Remarks/Conclusion
References
5: Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cell
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Metabolic Profile of Cancer Cells
5.3 The Metabolic Profile of CSCs
5.3.1 Primary Glycolytic CSCs
5.3.2 Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-Dependent CSCs
5.3.3 Glutamine Metabolism in CSCs
5.3.4 Lipid Metabolism in CSCs
5.4 Metabolic Complexity of CSCs
5.5 Roles of Mitochondria in CSC Phenotype
5.6 Therapeutics Targeting Metabolism of CSC
5.7 Concluding Remarks and Challenges Ahead
References
6: Plasticity of Cancer Stem Cell
6.1 Introduction
6.2 CSCs Capture the Developmental Program of Normal Stem Cell
6.3 Tumor Microenvironment and Plasticity of CSCs
6.4 Metabolic Adaptation in the Plasticity of CSCs
6.5 Epigenetic Regulation of Plasticity in CSCs
6.6 Therapy Resistance and CSC Plasticity
6.7 Conclusion
References
7: Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Initiation and Progression
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Introduction to Cancer Stem Cells
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgment
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1: Introduction and Perspective in Carcinogenesis
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs): Origin and Roles in Carcinogenesis
1.3 Detection and Isolation of CSCs in Various Cancers
1.4 Clinical Significance of CSCs
1.5 Future Perspective: Therapeutics Targeting CSC
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Origin and Development of Cancer Stem Cells
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Stem Cell Definition
2.3 Stem Cell Models
2.4 Cancer Two-Step Model
2.5 History of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs)
2.5.1 Nineteenth Century
2.5.2 Twentieth Century
2.5.3 Twenty-First Century
2.5.4 Symmetric and Asymmetric Model of CSC Development
2.5.5 Genetic Mutations and Signaling Model of CSC Development
2.5.6 Microenvironment Model of CSC Development
2.5.7 Embryonic Model of CSC Development
2.6 Conclusions
References
3: Detection and Isolation of Cancer Stem Cells
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Detection and Isolation of Stem Cell
3.3 Expansion to CSCs: Cell Sorting Methods
3.4 The Leukemia Stem Cell: Initial Biomarkers
3.5 Transition to Solid Tumor CSCs: Biomarker Variability
3.6 Focus on CSC Quiescence: Side Population (SP) Analysis
3.7 Functional Isolation: In Vitro Tumorsphere, Tumorigenicity, and Chemoresistance Assays
3.8 Current State of Isolation and Detection Methods: Concluding Statements
References
4: The Genetic and Epigenetic Landscape of Cancer Stem Cells
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Genetics of Cancer Stem Cells
4.3 Epigenetics of Cancer Stem Cells
4.4 Histone Modification
4.5 DNA Methylation
4.6 Chromatin Remodeling
4.7 Noncoding RNAs
4.8 Genetic and Epigenetic Makeup of CSC and Inflammation
4.9 Clinical Significance of CSC Genetic and Epigenetic Changes
4.10 Concluding Remarks/Conclusion
References
5: Metabolism of Cancer Stem Cell
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Metabolic Profile of Cancer Cells
5.3 The Metabolic Profile of CSCs
5.3.1 Primary Glycolytic CSCs
5.3.2 Oxidative Phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-Dependent CSCs
5.3.3 Glutamine Metabolism in CSCs
5.3.4 Lipid Metabolism in CSCs
5.4 Metabolic Complexity of CSCs
5.5 Roles of Mitochondria in CSC Phenotype
5.6 Therapeutics Targeting Metabolism of CSC
5.7 Concluding Remarks and Challenges Ahead
References
6: Plasticity of Cancer Stem Cell
6.1 Introduction
6.2 CSCs Capture the Developmental Program of Normal Stem Cell
6.3 Tumor Microenvironment and Plasticity of CSCs
6.4 Metabolic Adaptation in the Plasticity of CSCs
6.5 Epigenetic Regulation of Plasticity in CSCs
6.6 Therapy Resistance and CSC Plasticity
6.7 Conclusion
References
7: Cancer Stem Cells in Cancer Initiation and Progression
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Introduction to Cancer Stem Cells