Intro
Preface
About This Book
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1: Artificial Skin Models for Animal-Free Testing: 3D Skin Reconstruct Approach, a Journey in the Past Two Decades
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Approach Toward an Animal Alternative
1.3 Merits/Demerits of Elective Methods
1.4 Skin Equivalent: 3D Skin Model, a Valuable Alternative to Animal Tests
1.5 Skin Equivalents As Far
1.5.1 In Vitro Reconstituted Epidermis
1.5.2 Development of Full-Thickness Skin Equivalents (FTSE)
1.5.3 Most Recent Skin Equivalents

1.6 Future Perspective: Next-Generation Skin Equivalents, a More Advanced Way Ahead!
1.7 Conclusion
References
Uncategorized References
2: Fabrication of Ready-to-Use Ex Vivo Human Skin Models for Chemical Testing: Current Status and Challenges
2.1 Part 1: Introduction
2.1.1 Skin Appendages
2.2 Part 2: Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) and Full-Thickness Skin (FTS) Models
2.2.1 Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE)
2.2.2 Full-Thickness Skin (FTS)
2.2.3 Future Developments of FTS and RHE Models
2.3 Part 3: Bioprinting of Skin Constructs

2.3.1 Biomaterials for Skin Bioinks
2.3.2 Advances in Skin Bioprinting
2.3.3 Bioprinting Limitations and New Prospective
2.4 Part 4: Micro-Tissue Equivalents (Organoids) Models
2.4.1 Organoid Models of Disease
2.5 Part 5: Chemical Irritation, Corrosion, and Sensitization Testing Using Skin Organoids
2.6 Part 6: Summary and Conclusions
References
3: Human Skin Reconstructs Model Systems in Mechanistic Research, Safety, and Efficacy Studies of Cosmetics: Pros and Cons
3.1 Introduction
3.2 3D Skin Models in the Dermatological Studies

3.3 Microfluidics: 3D Skin-on-a-Chip Platform
3.4 Ex Vivo Skin Explant
3.5 Advantages of 3D Skin or Ex Vivo Skin Explants
3.6 Limitations and Other Perspectives of 3D Skin or Ex Vivo Skin Explants
References
4: Skin-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Devices: Production, Verification, and Uses in Cosmetic Toxicology
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Production of Skin-on-a-Chip Devices
4.2.1 Sourcing and Production of Skin Models for Skin-on-a-Chip Devices
4.2.2 Fabrication Methodologies of the Housing Units of Skin-on-a-Chip Devices

4.2.3 Material Selection for Fabrication of Skin-on-a-Chip Housing Plates
4.2.4 Design of the Nutrient Support System Within the Skin-on-a-Chip Device
4.2.5 Biosensor Integration into the Skin-on-a-Chip Device
4.3 Verification of Skin Structure and Function Within the Skin-on-a-Chip Device
4.3.1 Histological and Immunohistological Examination of Skin Model Structure
4.3.2 Determining Cell Viability of the Retained Skin Model
4.3.3 Accessing the Flow Rate and Perfusion of the Retained Skin Model by the Vascular/Microfluidic System