2 Oranda-tski (Japanese-Dutch Interpreters) in the Eighteenth Century: The Case of Yoshio KMaemon
1 Introduction
2 About the Oranda-tski
2.1 Historical Backgrounds of the Oranda-tski
2.2 Assignments of the Oranda-tski
2.3 Norms Followed by the Oranda-tski
2.4 Social Status of the Oranda-tski
2.5 Study of the Dutch Language
3 Yoshio KMaemon
3.1 Biography
3.2 Interest in Western Medicine
3.3 The Mediator of Western Culture
4 The Mistranslation Incident
4.1 Trading with the Dutch
4.2 Intentional Mistranslation
4.3 The Harsh Punishment

1 Introduction
2 Amenomori and the Japanese-Korean Relationship During the Edo Period
3 Amenomori's ChMen-tski Institution Kangoshi
4 Amenomori as a Multiculturalist in the Eighteenth Century
5 Amenomori's Belief in 'seishin no majiwari'
6 Conclusion
Notes
References
5 The Roles of Ryukyuan-Chinese tski in Early Eighteenth-Century Ryukyu
1 Introduction
2 The Contexts of Tei Junsoku's Work
2.1 Ryukyu and China
2.2 Ryukyu and Japan
3 Tei Junsoku's Five-Time Visits to China
4 Introducing Rikuyu Engi
5 Conclusion
Notes
References

6 Arrival of Western Ships and Ikoku-tski in Ryukyu in the Nineteenth Century: The Case of Itarashiki (Makishi) ChMhk
1 Introduction
2 The Ryukyu Kingdom in the Nineteenth Century
2.1 Ryukyu as a Dual Tributary
2.2 Measures Against Foreign Ships by the Shogunate
2.3 Measures Against Foreign Ships in Ryukyu
3 Ikoku-tski in the Ryukyu Kingdom and Its Pioneers
4 Ikoku-tski Itarashiki (Makishi) ChMhk
4.1 Brief Profile
4.2 Itarashiki (Makishi)'s Practices as Ikoku-tski
4.3 Makishi-Onga Incident
5 Discussion
Notes
References