Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Chapter 1: Conventional Approaches Toward the Production of Bioactive Compounds from Medicinal Plants
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Medicinal Plants
1.3 Medicinal Plants Are Enriched with Bioactive Compounds
1.4 Major Areas of Bioactive Compounds
1.5 Production of Phytoceutical Compounds from Medicinal Plants
1.5.1 Increased Levels of Bioactive Compounds Through Different Farming Systems
1.5.2 Increased Levels of Bioactive Compounds Through Pruning Method

1.5.3 Increased Levels of Bioactive Compounds Through Traditional Breeding Methods
1.6 Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: RNA Interference: Novel Technique for Enhancing Secondary Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants
2.1 Introduction
2.2 RNA Interference: History and Principle
2.3 Core Components of RNA Interference Machinery
2.3.1 Dicer
2.3.2 Argonaute (AGO) Proteins
2.3.3 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRP)
2.4 Mechanism of RNA Interference
2.4.1 Generation of siRNAs
2.4.2 Degradation of Target mRNA
2.5 RNA Interference in Plants

2.6 Application of RNA Interference in Enhancing Plant Secondary Metabolite Production in Plants
2.7 Advantages of RNA Interference
2.8 Limitations and Disadvantages of RNA Interference
2.9 Conclusion
References
Chapter 3: CRISPR/Cas9: A Novel Genetic Tool to Manipulate Plant Secondary Metabolite Pathways
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Applications of CRISPR in Medicinal Plants
3.2.1 Atropa belladonna
3.2.2 Cannabis sativa
3.2.3 Cichorium intybus L.
3.2.4 Dendrobium officinale
3.2.5 Dioscorea zingiberensis
3.2.6 Monochasma savatieri
3.2.7 Salvia miltiorrhiza

3.2.8 Rehmannia glutinosa
3.2.9 Symphytum officinale
3.2.10 Papaver somniferum L.
3.3 Limitations of CRISPR/Cas9 Technique
3.4 Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 4: Enhancement of Plant Secondary Metabolites by Genetic Manipulation
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Genetic Manipulation for SM
4.2.1 Mutagenesis and Recombination
4.2.2 Chemical and Physical Mutagenesis
4.2.3 Manipulation of Biosynthesis Genes
4.2.4 Elicitation with Biotic and Abiotic Elicitor
4.2.5 Transcription Factors
4.2.6 Manipulation of Biosynthesis Gene Cluster or Cryptic Gene

4.3 Cell Cultures as Biofactories
4.3.1 Metagenomics as a Source of Genetic Parts for SM Production in Bacteria
4.3.2 Heterologous Systems for SM Production
4.3.3 Plastid Manipulations
4.3.4 Glycosylation of Secondary Metabolites
4.3.5 Epigenetic Modifications
4.4 cDNA-AFLP as a Functional Genomics Tools
4.4.1 Modification of Translation Apparatus
4.4.2 Synthetic Biology
4.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
Chapter 5: Role of Mutation and Stresses in the Production of Secondary Metabolite in Plants
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Plant Metabolites