Intro
Foreword by Prof. Vladimír Benea
Foreword by Prof. David Netuka
Foreword by Assoc. Prof. Vladimír Benea Jr.
Acknowledgements
Contents
History and Background
Introduction
1 Why a Book About NPH?
References
History
1 Introduction
2 Hydrocephalus History
3 Hakim's Discovery of NPH
4 Fundamental Discoveries in the Last Decades
4.1 Pathophysiology
4.2 Diagnosis
4.3 Shunt Systems
5 Conclusion
6 Key Points
References
Modern Hydrocephalus Classification Systems
1 Introduction
2 Hydrocephalus Definition

3 Treatment Strategies Based on HCP Type
4 Categories of HCP
4.1 Classification Based on Age of Onset
4.2 Classification Based on Underlying Cause
4.3 Classification Based on Symptomatology and Chronology
4.4 Classification Based on CSF Dynamics
4.5 Classification Based on Pressure Dynamics
4.6 Classification Based on Genetics
4.7 Current Multi-categorical Classification System
4.8 ASPECT Hydrocephalus System
5 Conclusion
6 Key Points
References
The Epidemiology of Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
1 Introduction
2 Population-Based Studies

2.1 Population-Based Studies Following the American-European Guidelines
2.2 Population-Based Studies Following the Japanese Guidelines
3 Hospital-Based Studies
4 Register Data Studies
5 Meta-analyses and Systematic Reviews
6 Other Epidemiological Studies
7 Clinical Relevance
8 Conclusion
9 Key Points
References
CSF Physiology
1 Introduction
2 A Brief Historical Insight
3 Anatomical Concept
3.1 Ventricular System and Central Canal
3.2 The Complexity of Barriers
4 CSF Composition
5 CSF Functions
6 CSF Mechanisms
6.1 Production and Secretion

6.2 Classical Hypothesis and Its Criticism
6.3 Circulation and Dynamics
6.4 The Glymphatic System
6.5 Absorption
7 Conclusion
8 Key Points
References
Pathophysiology of NPH
1 Introduction
2 Historical Understanding of NPH Pathophysiology
3 Alteration of CSF Dynamics and Vascular Factors
4 Glymphatic System Impairment
5 Neuropathological Changes
5.1 Metabolic Changes and Neuroinflammation
6 Genetic Aspects
7 Conclusion
8 Key Points
References
Genetic Aspects of iNPH
1 Introduction
2 Familial Studies of iNPH

3 Candidate Genes Associated with iNPH
3.1 Cilia- and Flagella-Associated Protein 43, CFAP43
3.2 Histone-Associated Genes Products: SFMBT1
3.3 Genes Encoding Cell Membrane-Associated Proteins: CWH43 and AQP
3.4 Chromosome 9 Open Reading Frame 72, C9ORF72
3.5 Genes Involved in Amyloid Metabolism
3.6 NME8
3.7 Adenosine Receptors A1R and A2AR
4 Future Studies: Animal Models and Functional Analysis
4.1 Cyclin O, CCNO
4.2 Drosophila Studies of SFMBT1
5 Conclusion
6 Key Points
References
Diagnosis of NPH
Clinical Symptoms and Examination
1 Introduction