Cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis and other related diseases / George S. Abela, Stefan Mark Nidorf, editors.
Abela, George S.; Nidorf, Stefan Mark.
2023
RC692 .C56 2023
Available Online

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Title Cholesterol crystals in atherosclerosis and other related diseases / George S. Abela, Stefan Mark Nidorf, editors.
ISBN 9783031411922 electronic book
3031411927 electronic book
3031411919
9783031411915
DOI https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41192-2
Published Cham, Switzerland : Humana Press, [2023]
Language English
Description 1 online resource (499 p.).
Item Number 10.1007/978-3-031-41192-2 doi
Call Number RC692 .C56 2023
Dewey Decimal Classification 616.136
Summary This book is the first authoritative and comprehensive text dedicated to the understanding of how cholesterol triggers vascular inflammation and mechanical injury that leads to heart attacks, strokes as well as other organ and tissue pathology. It includes chapters on the background of cholesterol crystal formation and methods for their detection as well as a description of the physiochemical transformation of metastable liquid cholesterol to a solid flat plate crystalloid within the cellular and extracellular environment resulting in volume expansion. Chapters also discusses cholesterol crystals and other crystalloid molecules found in atherosclerotic plaque. In addition, the book examines how cholesterol crystals can induce similar injurious processes in other organs including the retina of the eye to cause blindness, in solid cancers causing further tumor growth and in the brain of patients with Alzheimers. And lastly, the book addresses various potential therapeutics that disrupt the physiochemical transformation of cholesterol from a liquid to a solid, inhibit its role in triggering inflammation and tissue injury while ushering a path towards targeted therapies. Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerosis and Other Related Diseases will be of interest to cardiologists as well as individuals in various fields of science including crystallography, basic and clinical imaging, cardiac oncology, and drug discovery.
Note In Vivo Detection of Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerotic Plaque with Optical Coherence Tomography
Bibliography, etc. Note Includes bibliographical references and index.
Access Note Access limited to authorized users.
Source of Description Description based on online resource; title from digital title page (viewed on December 07, 2023).
Added Author Abela, George S.
Nidorf, Stefan Mark.
Series Contemporary cardiology (Totowa, N.J.)
Available in Other Form Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerosis and Other Related Diseases
Linked Resources Online Access
Record Appears in Online Resources > Ebooks
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Intro
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contents
Part I: Overview
Atherosclerosis as a Crystalloid Disease: The Discovery of the Role of Cholesterol Crystals in the Formation and Rupture of Atherosclerotic Plaques
1 Historical Views of the Mechanism of Plaque Rupture
2 Seeing Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerosis in a New Light
3 First Insights in the Pro-Inflammatory Potential of Cholesterol Crystals
4 Cholesterol Crystals May Contribute to Diseases Other Than Atherosclerosis
5 A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis
6 Summary
References

The Cholesterol Crystal Paradigm: Overview of How Cholesterol Crystals Evolve and Induce Traumatic and Inflammatory Vascular Injury
1 Introduction
2 Formation of Cholesterol Crystals
3 Intra-Cellular Cholesterol Crystals Promote the Formation of Atheroma
4 Extra-Cellular Cholesterol Crystals Promote Traumatic and Inflammatory Injury
5 Hyperglycemia and Crystal Formation
6 Clinical Implications
References
Part II: Physical Properties and Imaging of Cholesterol Crystals: In Vitro

How Innovation in Tissue Preparation and Imaging Revolutionized the Understanding of the Role of Cholesterol Crystals in Atherosclerosis
1 Background
2 Scanning Electron Microscopy Methodology
2.1 Tissue Preparation for SEM
2.2 Quantification of Cholesterol Crystals
2.3 Tissue Shrinkage
2.4 Cholesterol Crystal Expansion
2.5 Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
3 Transmission Electron Microscopy with Cryo-Methodology
4 Confocal Microscopy Methodology
5 Digital Microscopy Methodology
6 Phase Contrast and Polarized Light Microscopy
7 Infrared Spectroscopy

8 Raman Spectroscopy
9 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
References
Crystals in Atherosclerosis: Crystal Cholesterol Structures, Morphologies, Formation and Dissolution. What Do We Know?
1 Introduction
2 Why Cholesterol? Cholesterol, The Molecule and Its Crystals
3 Cholesterol Crystal Morphologies: What Are They, What Do They Mean, and What Do They Show Us?
4 Crystal Nucleation
4.1 Cholesterol Crystal Formation: The Conceivable Routes, The Hypotheses and the Evidence
5 Crystal Dissolution
5.1 Lowering Cholesterol Concentration in Blood

5.2 Increasing Cholesterol Solubility in Water
5.3 Cell Membrane Solubilization of Cholesterol
5.4 Crystal Sequestration or Phagocytosis by Macrophages and Esterification or Cellular Efflux of Cholesterol
6 Conclusions, Questions, and Suggestions
6.1 Cholesterol Crystal Polymorphism: Curiosity or Interesting Possibility?
6.2 Cholesterol Crystal Formation: The Locations. Intra-Cellular, Extra-Cellular or Both?
6.3 Macrophage Activity: Crystal Formation, Dissolution or Both?
References
Part III: Physical Properties and Imaging of Cholesterol Crystals: In Vivo

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