Systemic Corticosteroids for Autoimmune/Inflammatory Disorders in Children: Introduction; References; Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Childhood Rheumatic Diseases: A Historical Review; The Origins of Corticosteroid Therapy; Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Childhood Arthritis; Corticosteroids in Treatment of Connective Tissue Diseases of Childhood; Pursuit of Efficacy with Minimal Toxicity; Summary; References; Systemic Corticosteroids for Autoimmune/Inflammatory Disorders in Children: Clinical Aspects; Introduction; Mechanisms of Action; Pharmacology

Conditions of Prescription and Main Indications (Table 2) How to Limit the Main Side Effects of GCs; Metabolic Complications; Osteoporosis; Growth-Retarding Effects; Infections; Psychiatric Disturbances; Conclusion; References; The Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Responsible for the Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Effects of Glucocorticoids; Introduction; Molecular Mechanisms of Glucocorticoids; Genomic Effects; Upregulation of Gene Transcription; Downregulation of Gene Transcription; Downregulation of Gene Transcription by GR-Dependent Upregulation of Inhibitory Factors

Nongenomic Effects GC-Activated Anti-inflammatory and Immunosuppressive Pathways; Effects on T Lymphocytes; Effects on Regulatory T Cells; Effects on Effector T Cells; Effects on Thymocytes; Effects on the Cells of Innate Immunity; Conclusions; References; The Clinical Pharmacology of Past, Present, and Future Glucocorticoids; Introduction; Past, Present, and Future GCs; Old GCs; New Generation of Topical GCs; Selective GR Agonists; Long-Circulating Liposomal GCs and Other Reformulations of Old GCs; Intersubjective Variability in the Response to GCs; Genetic Resistance to GCs

Acquired Resistance to GCs GCs and Gender; Molecular Basis of GC Interactions; Synergism in the Treatment of Asthmatic Patients; Pharmacokinetic Interactions; Conclusions; References; Corticosteroids in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; The Use of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis; Corticosteroids in the Different JIA Categories; Systemic JIA; Polyarticular JIA; Oligoarticular JIA; Juvenile Psoriatic Arthritis; Enthesitis-Related Arthritis; Corticosteroids in MAS; Corticosteroids in JIA-Related Uveitis; Intra-articular Corticosteroid Therapy in JIA

ConclusionsReferences; Systemic Corticosteroids in Childhood Vasculitides; Introduction; Henoch-Schönlein Purpura; Clinical Manifestations; Cutaneous Involvement; Arthritis; Gastrointestinal Manifestations; Renal Disease; Treatment; Prognosis; Kawasaki Disease; Clinical Manifestations; Treatment; Polyarteritis Nodosa; Treatment; Takayasu Arteritis; Treatment; ANCA-Associated Vasculitides; Treatment; Central Nervous System Vasculitis; Treatment; References; Corticosteroids in Pediatric-Onset SLE and Other Connective Tissue Diseases; Introduction