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Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1: History ofßPineal Gland asßNeuroendocrine Organ andßtheßDiscovery ofßMelatonin; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Galen's Conarium: TheßPineal Gland inßtheßClassic Antiquity; 1.3 The Valvular Function ofßtheßPineal Organ andßtheßThree Cell Medieval Theory; 1.4 The Pineal Gland inßIts Anatomical Context; 1.5 The Pineal Gland asßtheßSeat ofßtheßSoul in the Philosophical andßPhysiological Cartesian Approaches; 1.6 A Century andßaßHalf ofßDecline inßtheßScientific Understanding ofßtheßPineal Gland.
1.7 The Resurgence ofßInterest inßtheßPineal Gland andßtheßKnowledge ofßIts Structure andßInner Nature1.8 The Pineal Gland asßanßEndocrine Organ; References; 2: Bibliometric Study ofßScientific Research onßMelatonin During theßLast 25ßYears; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Method; 2.2.1 Data Sources; 2.2.2 Bibliometric Indicators; 2.2.3 Document Allocation; 2.3 Results; 2.4 Discussion; References; 3: Neuroimaging ofßtheßPineal Gland: Focus onßPrimary Insomnia; 3.1 Background; 3.2 Neuroimaging ofßtheßPineal Gland; 3.2.1 Pineal Gland Volume; 3.2.2 Pineal Calcifications; 3.2.3 Pineal Cysts.
3.3 Melatonin, Pineal Gland Volume, andßInsomnia Conclusion; References; 4: Melatonin: Basic andßClinical Aspects; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Melatonin Biosynthesis inßPineal Gland withßRegulation ofßSecretion; 4.3 Melatonin Synthesis inßOther Tissues andßOrgans; 4.4 Melatonin Receptors; 4.5 Signal Transduction Pathways; 4.5.1 Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms; 4.5.2 Receptor-Independent Mechanisms; 4.6 Physiological Actions withßIts Therapeutic Potentials; 4.7 Concluding Remarks; References; 5: Melatonin andßMelatonin Receptors inßNeuroprotection; 5.1 Introduction.
5.2 What Do WeßKnow AboutßtheßMelatonin?5.3 Biosynthesis andßMetabolism ofßMelatonin; 5.4 Melatonin asßanßAntioxidant Agent; 5.5 The Neuroprotective Effects ofßMelatonin; 5.5.1 Effects ofßMelatonin onßtheßNeurodegenerative Events inßtheßCentral Nervous System; 5.6 The Affect Mechanisms ofßMelatonin andßIts Receptors; 5.7 Melatonin Receptors: AßPerspective; Conclusion; References; 6: Melatonin Supplementation inßNeurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Oxidative Mechanisms Involved inßNeuronal Degeneration; 6.3 Role ofßMelatonin inßNeurodegenerative Diseases.
6.3.1 Melatonin inßAlzheimer's Disease6.3.2 Melatonin inßParkinson's Disease; 6.3.3 Melatonin inßHuntington Disease; 6.3.4 Melatonin andßAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; 6.4 Perspective; References; 7: Therapeutic Potential ofßMelatonin inßCombination withßOther Drugs Against Neurodegeneration; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Alzheimer's Disease; 7.3 Parkinson's Disease; 7.4 Huntington's Disease; 7.5 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Conclusion; References; 8: Melatonin, aßNeuroprotective Agent: Relevance forßStress-ƯInduced Neuropsychiatric Disorders; 8.1 Introduction.
1.7 The Resurgence ofßInterest inßtheßPineal Gland andßtheßKnowledge ofßIts Structure andßInner Nature1.8 The Pineal Gland asßanßEndocrine Organ; References; 2: Bibliometric Study ofßScientific Research onßMelatonin During theßLast 25ßYears; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Method; 2.2.1 Data Sources; 2.2.2 Bibliometric Indicators; 2.2.3 Document Allocation; 2.3 Results; 2.4 Discussion; References; 3: Neuroimaging ofßtheßPineal Gland: Focus onßPrimary Insomnia; 3.1 Background; 3.2 Neuroimaging ofßtheßPineal Gland; 3.2.1 Pineal Gland Volume; 3.2.2 Pineal Calcifications; 3.2.3 Pineal Cysts.
3.3 Melatonin, Pineal Gland Volume, andßInsomnia Conclusion; References; 4: Melatonin: Basic andßClinical Aspects; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Melatonin Biosynthesis inßPineal Gland withßRegulation ofßSecretion; 4.3 Melatonin Synthesis inßOther Tissues andßOrgans; 4.4 Melatonin Receptors; 4.5 Signal Transduction Pathways; 4.5.1 Receptor-Dependent Mechanisms; 4.5.2 Receptor-Independent Mechanisms; 4.6 Physiological Actions withßIts Therapeutic Potentials; 4.7 Concluding Remarks; References; 5: Melatonin andßMelatonin Receptors inßNeuroprotection; 5.1 Introduction.
5.2 What Do WeßKnow AboutßtheßMelatonin?5.3 Biosynthesis andßMetabolism ofßMelatonin; 5.4 Melatonin asßanßAntioxidant Agent; 5.5 The Neuroprotective Effects ofßMelatonin; 5.5.1 Effects ofßMelatonin onßtheßNeurodegenerative Events inßtheßCentral Nervous System; 5.6 The Affect Mechanisms ofßMelatonin andßIts Receptors; 5.7 Melatonin Receptors: AßPerspective; Conclusion; References; 6: Melatonin Supplementation inßNeurodegenerative Diseases: Current Status; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Oxidative Mechanisms Involved inßNeuronal Degeneration; 6.3 Role ofßMelatonin inßNeurodegenerative Diseases.
6.3.1 Melatonin inßAlzheimer's Disease6.3.2 Melatonin inßParkinson's Disease; 6.3.3 Melatonin inßHuntington Disease; 6.3.4 Melatonin andßAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; 6.4 Perspective; References; 7: Therapeutic Potential ofßMelatonin inßCombination withßOther Drugs Against Neurodegeneration; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Alzheimer's Disease; 7.3 Parkinson's Disease; 7.4 Huntington's Disease; 7.5 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Conclusion; References; 8: Melatonin, aßNeuroprotective Agent: Relevance forßStress-ƯInduced Neuropsychiatric Disorders; 8.1 Introduction.