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Table of Contents
Preface; Acknowledgments; Contents; 1 Introduction; Startup Funding Sources, Stages of the Life Cycle of a Business, and the Corresponding Intellectual Property Strategies for Each Stage; 2 Sources of Company Funding; Abstract; 2.1 Seed Capital and Early-Stage Funding; 2.1.1 Personal Investment/Bootstrapping; 2.1.2 Friends and Family Funding; 2.1.3 Private or Governmental Grant Funding Options; 2.1.3.1 Federal/State/Regional/Local Government Grants; Small Business Grants; Small Business Innovation Research Grants; Small Business Technology Transfer Grants; Private and Foundation Grants
2.1.4 Crowdfunding2.1.4.1 Case Study: Kickstarter; 2.1.4.2 Case Study: Crowdfunder; 2.2 Equity Funding; 2.2.1 Angel Investors; 2.2.2 Venture Capital; 2.2.3 Rounds of Venture Capital Financing-Series A, Series B, Series C, etc.; 2.2.4 Business Incubators and Accelerators as a Source of Equity Financing; 2.3 Debt Funding; 2.3.1 Loans; 2.3.1.1 Small Business Loans; 2.3.1.2 Peer-to-Peer Loans; 2.3.2 Lines of Credit; 2.3.2.1 Use of Credit Cards; 2.3.2.2 Asset-Based Lines of Credit; 2.3.3 Securitization with Intellectual Property; 2.3.3.1 Case Study: Debt Financing with Bowie Bonds
2.3.4 Collateralization of IP2.3.4.1 Case Study: Levi Strauss Borrows Against Trademarks and Other Assets; 2.3.4.2 Case Study: Ford Leverages Trademarks and Patents for Loan; 2.4 Mezzanine Financing; 2.4.1 Subordinate Notes; 2.4.2 Preferred Stock; 2.5 Anticipated Rate of Return for Investors; 3 Early-Stage Strategy; Abstract; 3.1 IP Strategies at the Early Stage; 3.2 Consult with an Intellectual Property Attorney; 3.3 Begin Building an IP Portfolio and an IP Strategy; 3.3.1 Trademarks; 3.3.1.1 Securing Trademark Protection for Company Names, Logos, and Product Names, Logos, and Designs
3.3.1.2 Obtaining a Domain Name3.3.2 Copyrights; 3.3.2.1 Web site Copyrights; 3.3.2.2 Valuable Works of Authorship; 3.3.3 Opting for the Trade Secret Route; 3.3.4 Patents; 3.3.4.1 Taking Advantage of Microentity or Small Entity Status; 3.3.4.2 Filing a Provisional Patent Application; 3.4 Early-Stage Companies Seeking Investors Need a Business Plan; 3.4.1 Integrating an Intellectual Property Strategy into a Business Plan; 3.4.2 IP Due Diligence; 3.4.3 IP Portfolio Development Plan; 3.5 Joining a Business Incubator or Accelerator; 3.5.1 Case Study: Techstars
3.5.2 Industry-Specific Startup Service Providers and Specialty Incubators3.5.2.1 Case Study: Healthcare Technology Incubator Rock Health; 3.5.2.2 Case Study: Culinary Incubator La Cocina; 3.5.2.3 Case Study: Incubator Partnerships with Universities; 3.6 Summary; 4 Growth and Expansion Stage; Abstract; 4.1 Benefits of Leveraging IP During the Growth and Expansion Stage; 4.2 Leveraging IP: Strategies for Obtaining Debt or Equity Funding; 4.3 IP Strategies at the Growth and Expansion Stage-Enhancing Your IP Portfolio; 4.3.1 Filing a Non-provisional Patent Application
2.1.4 Crowdfunding2.1.4.1 Case Study: Kickstarter; 2.1.4.2 Case Study: Crowdfunder; 2.2 Equity Funding; 2.2.1 Angel Investors; 2.2.2 Venture Capital; 2.2.3 Rounds of Venture Capital Financing-Series A, Series B, Series C, etc.; 2.2.4 Business Incubators and Accelerators as a Source of Equity Financing; 2.3 Debt Funding; 2.3.1 Loans; 2.3.1.1 Small Business Loans; 2.3.1.2 Peer-to-Peer Loans; 2.3.2 Lines of Credit; 2.3.2.1 Use of Credit Cards; 2.3.2.2 Asset-Based Lines of Credit; 2.3.3 Securitization with Intellectual Property; 2.3.3.1 Case Study: Debt Financing with Bowie Bonds
2.3.4 Collateralization of IP2.3.4.1 Case Study: Levi Strauss Borrows Against Trademarks and Other Assets; 2.3.4.2 Case Study: Ford Leverages Trademarks and Patents for Loan; 2.4 Mezzanine Financing; 2.4.1 Subordinate Notes; 2.4.2 Preferred Stock; 2.5 Anticipated Rate of Return for Investors; 3 Early-Stage Strategy; Abstract; 3.1 IP Strategies at the Early Stage; 3.2 Consult with an Intellectual Property Attorney; 3.3 Begin Building an IP Portfolio and an IP Strategy; 3.3.1 Trademarks; 3.3.1.1 Securing Trademark Protection for Company Names, Logos, and Product Names, Logos, and Designs
3.3.1.2 Obtaining a Domain Name3.3.2 Copyrights; 3.3.2.1 Web site Copyrights; 3.3.2.2 Valuable Works of Authorship; 3.3.3 Opting for the Trade Secret Route; 3.3.4 Patents; 3.3.4.1 Taking Advantage of Microentity or Small Entity Status; 3.3.4.2 Filing a Provisional Patent Application; 3.4 Early-Stage Companies Seeking Investors Need a Business Plan; 3.4.1 Integrating an Intellectual Property Strategy into a Business Plan; 3.4.2 IP Due Diligence; 3.4.3 IP Portfolio Development Plan; 3.5 Joining a Business Incubator or Accelerator; 3.5.1 Case Study: Techstars
3.5.2 Industry-Specific Startup Service Providers and Specialty Incubators3.5.2.1 Case Study: Healthcare Technology Incubator Rock Health; 3.5.2.2 Case Study: Culinary Incubator La Cocina; 3.5.2.3 Case Study: Incubator Partnerships with Universities; 3.6 Summary; 4 Growth and Expansion Stage; Abstract; 4.1 Benefits of Leveraging IP During the Growth and Expansion Stage; 4.2 Leveraging IP: Strategies for Obtaining Debt or Equity Funding; 4.3 IP Strategies at the Growth and Expansion Stage-Enhancing Your IP Portfolio; 4.3.1 Filing a Non-provisional Patent Application