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Foreword; Preface; Contents; Abbreviations; 1 The Human Stomach in Health and Disease: Infection Strategies by Helicobacter pylori; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 H. pylori Infection and Strategies of Persistence; 3 H. pylori Infection in Health and Disease; 3.1 Gastritis; 3.2 Peptic Ulcer Disease; 3.3 Gastric Adenocarcinoma; 3.4 MALT Lymphoma; 4 H. pylori Virulence Factors and their Association with Disease; 4.1 The cag Pathogenicity Island; 4.2 Vacuolating Cytotoxin (VacA); 4.3 DupA and tfs4; 4.4 NapA; 4.5 Adhesins; 5 Environmental Factors and their Association with Disease.
6 Treatment of H. pylori and Prospects for a Vaccine7 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Human and Helicobacter pylori Interactions Determine the Outcome of Gastric Diseases; Abstract; 1 Helicobacter pylori: From Infection to Diseases; 2 The Chemokine CXCL8; 2.1 Induction of CXCL8 by H. pylori; 2.2 CXCL8 Gene Polymorphisms; 3 Induction and Role of ROS; 3.1 ROS During H. pylori Infection; 3.2 Expression and Role of NOX1; 3.3 Expression and Role of NOX2; 3.4 Expression and Role of SMOX; 3.5 Epigenetic Regulation of SMOX; 4 Nitrosative Stress; 4.1 H. pylori Infection and NOS2.
4.2 NO-Mediated H. pylori Carcinogenesis4.3 NOS2 Polymorphisms; 5 The Host and Bacteria Coevolution: The Crystal Ball of H. pylori Pathogenesis?; 6 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Immune Evasion Strategies and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of H. pylori; 2.1 Evasion and Manipulation of Pattern Recognition Receptors; 2.1.1 Evasion of TLR Recognition and Manipulation of TLR-Mediated Signaling; 2.1.2 Inhibition of CLR-Mediated Signaling; 2.2 Inhibition of Phagocytosis and Killing by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide.
2.3 Inhibition of Antimicrobial Peptides3 Immune Tolerance Driven by H. pylori Interaction with Dendritic Cells; 4 Manipulation and Inhibition of Effector T Cell Responses; 5 Bacterial Plasticity and Immune Evasion; 6 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Recent Advances in Helicobacter pylori Replication: Possible Implications in Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle and Perspectives for Drug Design; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Chromosome Replication in Bacteria; 3 Chromosome Replication in Helicobacter pylori; 3.1 Initiation; 3.2 Elongation; 3.3 Termination; 3.4 Segregation.
4 Regulation of H. pylori Chromosome Replication5 Plasmid Replication in Bacteria; 6 Plasmid Replication in Helicobacter pylori; 7 Beyond the Replication Flowchart; 8 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References; 5 The Helicobacter pylori Methylome: Roles in Gene Regulation and Virulence; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 The Restriction-Modification (R-M) Systems and Their Diversity in H. pylori; 3 The H. pylori Methylomes; 4 Roles of H. pylori Methyltransferases (Mtases) in Gene Regulation; 4.1 Gene Regulation by E. coli Deoxyadenosine Methyltransferase (Dam) and Its Homologues.
6 Treatment of H. pylori and Prospects for a Vaccine7 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References; 2 Human and Helicobacter pylori Interactions Determine the Outcome of Gastric Diseases; Abstract; 1 Helicobacter pylori: From Infection to Diseases; 2 The Chemokine CXCL8; 2.1 Induction of CXCL8 by H. pylori; 2.2 CXCL8 Gene Polymorphisms; 3 Induction and Role of ROS; 3.1 ROS During H. pylori Infection; 3.2 Expression and Role of NOX1; 3.3 Expression and Role of NOX2; 3.4 Expression and Role of SMOX; 3.5 Epigenetic Regulation of SMOX; 4 Nitrosative Stress; 4.1 H. pylori Infection and NOS2.
4.2 NO-Mediated H. pylori Carcinogenesis4.3 NOS2 Polymorphisms; 5 The Host and Bacteria Coevolution: The Crystal Ball of H. pylori Pathogenesis?; 6 Concluding Remarks; References; 3 Immune Evasion Strategies and Persistence of Helicobacter pylori; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Innate Immune Evasion Strategies of H. pylori; 2.1 Evasion and Manipulation of Pattern Recognition Receptors; 2.1.1 Evasion of TLR Recognition and Manipulation of TLR-Mediated Signaling; 2.1.2 Inhibition of CLR-Mediated Signaling; 2.2 Inhibition of Phagocytosis and Killing by Reactive Oxygen Species and Nitric Oxide.
2.3 Inhibition of Antimicrobial Peptides3 Immune Tolerance Driven by H. pylori Interaction with Dendritic Cells; 4 Manipulation and Inhibition of Effector T Cell Responses; 5 Bacterial Plasticity and Immune Evasion; 6 Concluding Remarks; References; 4 Recent Advances in Helicobacter pylori Replication: Possible Implications in Adaptation to a Pathogenic Lifestyle and Perspectives for Drug Design; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Chromosome Replication in Bacteria; 3 Chromosome Replication in Helicobacter pylori; 3.1 Initiation; 3.2 Elongation; 3.3 Termination; 3.4 Segregation.
4 Regulation of H. pylori Chromosome Replication5 Plasmid Replication in Bacteria; 6 Plasmid Replication in Helicobacter pylori; 7 Beyond the Replication Flowchart; 8 Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgements; References; 5 The Helicobacter pylori Methylome: Roles in Gene Regulation and Virulence; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 The Restriction-Modification (R-M) Systems and Their Diversity in H. pylori; 3 The H. pylori Methylomes; 4 Roles of H. pylori Methyltransferases (Mtases) in Gene Regulation; 4.1 Gene Regulation by E. coli Deoxyadenosine Methyltransferase (Dam) and Its Homologues.