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Editors and Contributors; Introduction; Conceptual and Methodological Approaches Conceptual and Methodological Issues in the Study of Minority Youth: Adaptation and Development; 1 Positive Youth Development Among Minority Youth: A Relational Developmental Systems Model; Abstract; The Relational Developmental Systems Metatheory: An Overview; The Five Cs Model of PYD; Tests of the Lerner and Lerner PYD Model; Limitations of the 4-H Study Vis-à-Vis Understanding PYD Among Minority Youth; Methodological Issues in the Further Testing of RDS-Based Models Among Minority Youth
From Research to Application in the Service of Promoting PYD Among Minority YouthConclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgments; References; 2 A Resilience Perspective on Immigrant Youth Adaptation and Development; Abstract; Introduction; Theoretical Perspectives and Methodology; The Resilience Developmental Framework; Integrative Conceptual Framework for Immigrant Youth Adaptation; Universal Versus Culture-Specific Mechanisms; Criteria for Positive Adaptation; Risks for Immigrant Youth Adaptation; Resilience for Immigrant Youth Adaptation
Future Directions for Research and Policy ImplicationsReferences; 3 Measuring Positive Development I: Multilevel Analysis; Abstract; Why We Sometimes Need Multilevel Analysis; Study Used for Illustration; Two-Level Models of Adaptation in Context; Is Multilevel Analysis Useful?; Level 1 Effects: Individual Risks and Resources and Their Interactions; Group Coding Including Intercept; Group Coding Excluding Intercept; Standardization of Predictors and Outcomes; Explained Variance; Random and Fixed Effects; Results; Level 2 Effects: Main Effects and Cross-Level Interactions; Level 2 Main Effect
Cross-Level InteractionTwo-Level Models of Development of Adaptation: Longitudinal Data; Two Main Assumptions; Centering Time; Dealing with Missing Data; Selective Attrition; Missing Data at Higher Levels; Illustration; Random Effects (Variance Components); Fixed Effects for Intercepts and Slopes; Multilevel Versus Growth Curve Modeling; Three-Level Models of Development of Adaptation in Context; Research Questions; Illustration; Multilevel Models of Daily Adaptation; Multilevel Moderation; Multilevel Mediation; Multilevel Structural Equation Models (MSEM)
Thinking Clearly About Effects at Multiple LevelsConclusion; Appendix: Statistical Software for Multilevel Analysis; References; 4 Equivalence in Research on Positive Development of Minority Children: Methodological Approaches; Abstract; Historical Overview and Theoretical Perspectives; A Taxonomy of Bias; A Taxonomy of Equivalence; Equivalence as a Characteristic of a Cross-Cultural Comparison; Research Measurement and Methodology; Design and Implementation Strategies; Choice of Instrument; Pretests and Standardization of Procedures; Statistical Strategies; Factor Analysis; DIF Analysis
From Research to Application in the Service of Promoting PYD Among Minority YouthConclusions and Future Directions; Acknowledgments; References; 2 A Resilience Perspective on Immigrant Youth Adaptation and Development; Abstract; Introduction; Theoretical Perspectives and Methodology; The Resilience Developmental Framework; Integrative Conceptual Framework for Immigrant Youth Adaptation; Universal Versus Culture-Specific Mechanisms; Criteria for Positive Adaptation; Risks for Immigrant Youth Adaptation; Resilience for Immigrant Youth Adaptation
Future Directions for Research and Policy ImplicationsReferences; 3 Measuring Positive Development I: Multilevel Analysis; Abstract; Why We Sometimes Need Multilevel Analysis; Study Used for Illustration; Two-Level Models of Adaptation in Context; Is Multilevel Analysis Useful?; Level 1 Effects: Individual Risks and Resources and Their Interactions; Group Coding Including Intercept; Group Coding Excluding Intercept; Standardization of Predictors and Outcomes; Explained Variance; Random and Fixed Effects; Results; Level 2 Effects: Main Effects and Cross-Level Interactions; Level 2 Main Effect
Cross-Level InteractionTwo-Level Models of Development of Adaptation: Longitudinal Data; Two Main Assumptions; Centering Time; Dealing with Missing Data; Selective Attrition; Missing Data at Higher Levels; Illustration; Random Effects (Variance Components); Fixed Effects for Intercepts and Slopes; Multilevel Versus Growth Curve Modeling; Three-Level Models of Development of Adaptation in Context; Research Questions; Illustration; Multilevel Models of Daily Adaptation; Multilevel Moderation; Multilevel Mediation; Multilevel Structural Equation Models (MSEM)
Thinking Clearly About Effects at Multiple LevelsConclusion; Appendix: Statistical Software for Multilevel Analysis; References; 4 Equivalence in Research on Positive Development of Minority Children: Methodological Approaches; Abstract; Historical Overview and Theoretical Perspectives; A Taxonomy of Bias; A Taxonomy of Equivalence; Equivalence as a Characteristic of a Cross-Cultural Comparison; Research Measurement and Methodology; Design and Implementation Strategies; Choice of Instrument; Pretests and Standardization of Procedures; Statistical Strategies; Factor Analysis; DIF Analysis