Preface; Contents; 1 Introduction; 1.1 Three Concepts Derived from the Stagnant Economy; 1.2 Competition; 1.3 Innovation; 1.4 Growth; References; 2 Competition Policy and Innovation: An Introduction with Illustrative Cases from Japan; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 The Antimonopoly Act; 2.2.1 Prohibition of Unreasonable Restraint of Trade; 2.2.2 Prohibition of Private Monopolization; 2.2.3 Prohibition of Unfair Trade Practices; 2.3 Restriction of Business Combination; 2.4 Interfirm Cooperation in Innovation; 2.4.1 Joint R 2.4.2 Patent Pool; 2.4.3 Standard Setting; 2.5 Patents in a Merger Case

2.6 ConclusionReferences; 3 An Empirical Analysis of the Determinants of Collusion; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 A Brief Review of Collusion Theory and Factors Facilitating Collusion; 3.2.1 A Brief Review of Collusion Theory; 3.2.2 Examples of Factors Influencing the Incentive for Collusion; 3.3 Previous Studies and Features in This Paper; 3.4 The Cement Industry and Cartel Cases; 3.4.1 The Cement Industry; 3.4.2 Cartel Cases in the Cement Industry; 3.4.3 Market Definition; 3.4.4 Data; 3.5 Estimation; 3.6 Estimation Results; 3.7 Conclusions; Appendix: Details of Estimation; References

4 Is Domestic Competition Beneficial for International Competitiveness? An Empirical Analysis of Japanese Manufacturing Industries4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Research Background; 4.2.1 Theoretical Background and Related Literature; 4.2.2 The Japanese Context; 4.3 Data; 4.3.1 Data Sources; 4.3.2 Sample and Descriptive Statistics; 4.4 Empirical Analysis; 4.4.1 Model; 4.4.2 Results; 4.5 Conclusions; Appendix; References; 5 Measuring Innovation in Firms; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 How to Measure Innovation; 5.3 Data; 5.4 Variables; 5.4.1 J-NIS 2012; 5.4.2 Press Release Data

5.4.3 Intellectual Property Rights5.4.4 Innovation Outcomes; 5.5 Empirical Results; 5.5.1 The Interrelationship Among Innovation Output Indicators; 5.5.2 Relationship Between LBIO Indicators and Innovation Outcomes; 5.5.3 Relationship Between LBIO Indicators; 5.6 Conclusions; References; 6 Organizational Design and Human Resource Management of R&D Activities; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Related Literature; 6.3 Japanese Firms' Patent Application and Human Resource Management Practices; 6.3.1 Data; 6.3.2 Overview of Patent Applicants and Innovation Activities

6.3.3 Overview of Firms' Patent Applications and R&D Organizational Design6.4 Concluding Remarks; References; 7 R&D Alliances and the State of Market Competition; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 The Concept of Open Innovation and R&D Alliance; 7.3 R&D Alliance and Firms; 7.3.1 Determinants of In-House and Procured R 7.3.2 Effects of R&D Alliances on Firms' Performance; 7.3.3 The Effect of Competition Policies on R&D Alliances; 7.4 R&D Alliance and the State of Competition; 7.4.1 Historical Background of the Postwar Period; 7.4.2 Technology Acquirement and Technological Capability