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Contributors; Chapter 1: Introduction; 1.1 Global Burden ofßInfectious Diseases; 1.2 Molecular Imaging; 1.3 The Problem; 1.4 The Solution; 1.5 Biocontainment; 1.6 Human Translation ofßPET Tracers; 1.7 Imaging Infections: FromßBench toßBedside; 1.7.1 Imaging inßtheßClinic; 1.7.2 Molecular Imaging Techniques; 1.7.3 Imaging Host Responses; 1.7.4 Pathogen-Specific Tracers; 1.7.5 Neuroimaging; 1.7.6 Antimicrobial Development; 1.7.7 Image Analyses; 1.7.8 Imaging inßtheßDeveloping World; 1.8 Summary; References; Chapter 2: Clinical Imaging; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Anatomical Imaging Tests.
2.2.1 Computed Tomography2.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 2.2.3 Ultrasonography; 2.3 Molecular Imaging Tests; 2.3.1 Nonspecific Agents; 2.3.1.1 Single-Photon-Emitting (SPECT) Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-67 Citrate; Labeled Leukocytes; 2.3.1.2 Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals; 18F-FDG; Other PET Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-68 Citrate; 2.3.2 Infection-Specific Agents; 2.3.2.1 SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiolabeled Antibiotics; 111In-Biotin; Radiolabeled Antimicrobial Peptides; 2.3.2.2 PET Radiopharmaceuticals; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Optical Imaging; 3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Bioluminescent Imaging3.3 Fluorescence Imaging; 3.4 Development ofßBioluminescent andßFluorescent Microorganisms; 3.5 Bacterial Imaging; 3.6 Fungal Imaging; 3.7 Parasite Imaging; 3.8 Viral Imaging; 3.9 Translation toßtheßClinic; 3.9.1 Bacterial Surface Probes; 3.9.2 Antibiotic Probes; 3.9.3 Bacteriophage andßAntibody Probes; 3.9.4 Metabolizable Probes; 3.9.5 Activatable Probes; 3.10 Photoacoustic Imaging; 3.11 Multimodality Imaging; 3.12 Photodynamic Therapy; 3.13 Conclusions andßFuture Directions; 3.14 Summary; References; Chapter 4: Radiochemistry; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Radionuclides.
4.2.1 Iodine Radionuclides4.2.2 Carbon-11 (C-11, 11C); 4.2.3 Fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F); 4.2.4 Technetium-99m (Tc-99m, 99mTc); 4.2.5 Copper-64 (Cu-64, 64Cu); 4.2.6 Gallium-68 (Ga-68, 68Ga); 4.2.7 Gallium-67 (Ga-67, 67Ga); 4.2.8 Indium-111 (In-111, 111In); 4.3 Examples ofßInfection Imaging Agents; 4.3.1 67Ga-Citrate SPECT; 4.3.2 111In-Oxine-Leukocyte SPECT; 4.3.3 99mTc-HMPAO-Leukocyte-SPECT (CERETEC®); 4.3.4 18F-FDG PET; 4.3.5 99mTc-Sn-Colloid SPECT (Leukocyte®); 4.3.6 99mTc-MDP SPECT; 4.3.7 99mTc-Besilesomab SPECT (Scintimun®); 4.3.8 99mTc-Sulesomab SPECT (LeukoScan®).
4.3.9 99mTc-Sulfur-Nanocolloids SPECT (Nanocoll®)4.4 Experimental Radiotracers forßInfection Imaging; 4.4.1 Synthetics andßBiomimetics; 4.4.2 Antibiotics; 4.4.3 Radiolabeled Cells; 4.4.4 Bacteria-Specific Sugars; 4.4.5 Macromolecules andßAntibodies; 4.4.6 Small Peptide Fragments; 4.4.7 Other Agents; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Imaging theßHost Response; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Leukocyte Tracking; 5.2.1 [111In]Oxyquinoline andß[99mTc]HMPAO; 5.2.2 18F-2-Fluoro-Deoxy-d-Glucose (18F-FDG) Ex Vivo Labeling ofßLeukocytes; 5.2.3 Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling andßT2-Weighted MRI. 5.2.4 19F-Labeled Perfluorocarbons andßMRI.
2.2.1 Computed Tomography2.2.2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging; 2.2.3 Ultrasonography; 2.3 Molecular Imaging Tests; 2.3.1 Nonspecific Agents; 2.3.1.1 Single-Photon-Emitting (SPECT) Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-67 Citrate; Labeled Leukocytes; 2.3.1.2 Positron-Emitting Radiopharmaceuticals; 18F-FDG; Other PET Radiopharmaceuticals; Gallium-68 Citrate; 2.3.2 Infection-Specific Agents; 2.3.2.1 SPECT Radiopharmaceuticals; Radiolabeled Antibiotics; 111In-Biotin; Radiolabeled Antimicrobial Peptides; 2.3.2.2 PET Radiopharmaceuticals; 2.4 Summary; References; Chapter 3: Optical Imaging; 3.1 Introduction.
3.2 Bioluminescent Imaging3.3 Fluorescence Imaging; 3.4 Development ofßBioluminescent andßFluorescent Microorganisms; 3.5 Bacterial Imaging; 3.6 Fungal Imaging; 3.7 Parasite Imaging; 3.8 Viral Imaging; 3.9 Translation toßtheßClinic; 3.9.1 Bacterial Surface Probes; 3.9.2 Antibiotic Probes; 3.9.3 Bacteriophage andßAntibody Probes; 3.9.4 Metabolizable Probes; 3.9.5 Activatable Probes; 3.10 Photoacoustic Imaging; 3.11 Multimodality Imaging; 3.12 Photodynamic Therapy; 3.13 Conclusions andßFuture Directions; 3.14 Summary; References; Chapter 4: Radiochemistry; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Radionuclides.
4.2.1 Iodine Radionuclides4.2.2 Carbon-11 (C-11, 11C); 4.2.3 Fluorine-18 (F-18, 18F); 4.2.4 Technetium-99m (Tc-99m, 99mTc); 4.2.5 Copper-64 (Cu-64, 64Cu); 4.2.6 Gallium-68 (Ga-68, 68Ga); 4.2.7 Gallium-67 (Ga-67, 67Ga); 4.2.8 Indium-111 (In-111, 111In); 4.3 Examples ofßInfection Imaging Agents; 4.3.1 67Ga-Citrate SPECT; 4.3.2 111In-Oxine-Leukocyte SPECT; 4.3.3 99mTc-HMPAO-Leukocyte-SPECT (CERETEC®); 4.3.4 18F-FDG PET; 4.3.5 99mTc-Sn-Colloid SPECT (Leukocyte®); 4.3.6 99mTc-MDP SPECT; 4.3.7 99mTc-Besilesomab SPECT (Scintimun®); 4.3.8 99mTc-Sulesomab SPECT (LeukoScan®).
4.3.9 99mTc-Sulfur-Nanocolloids SPECT (Nanocoll®)4.4 Experimental Radiotracers forßInfection Imaging; 4.4.1 Synthetics andßBiomimetics; 4.4.2 Antibiotics; 4.4.3 Radiolabeled Cells; 4.4.4 Bacteria-Specific Sugars; 4.4.5 Macromolecules andßAntibodies; 4.4.6 Small Peptide Fragments; 4.4.7 Other Agents; 4.5 Summary; References; Chapter 5: Imaging theßHost Response; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Leukocyte Tracking; 5.2.1 [111In]Oxyquinoline andß[99mTc]HMPAO; 5.2.2 18F-2-Fluoro-Deoxy-d-Glucose (18F-FDG) Ex Vivo Labeling ofßLeukocytes; 5.2.3 Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Labeling andßT2-Weighted MRI. 5.2.4 19F-Labeled Perfluorocarbons andßMRI.