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Part I: Developmental Neurotoxicity; Developmental Neurotoxicity of Lead; Introduction; Developmental Exposures to Lead; Neurobehavioral Effects of Lead; Molecular Mechanisms of Neurotoxicity; Developmental Exposures to Lead and Alzheimer's Disease; Conclusions; References; Manganese and Developmental Neurotoxicity; Manganese in the Environment; Airborne Particles; Deposited Dust; Surface Soil; Edible Vegetables; Drinking Water; Toxicology and Biomarkers; Metabolism; Pediatric Absorption; Biomarkers; Effects on Cognitive Functions; Intellectual Ability
Executive Function Memory; Academic Achievement; Effects on Motor Functions; Behavior; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Other Behavioral Outcomes; Effects on Olfactory Function; References; Inherited Disorders of Manganese Metabolism; Introduction; SLC30A10; SLC39A14; SLC39A8; Concluding Perspectives; References; Part II: Neurodegenerative Disorders; Chemical Speciation of Selenium and Mercury as Determinant of Their Neurotoxicity; Introduction; Selenium in the Environment and in the Living Organisms; Selenium: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotector?
From Selenide to Selenoproteins Selenoproteins in the Brain; Mercury in the Environment and in the Living Organisms; Inorganic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Organic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Selenium and Mercury: Brain Antagonistic Interactions; Selenium as Antagonist of Inorganic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Selenium as an Antagonist of the Neurotoxicity Induced by Organic Mercury; Conclusion; References; Metals and Paraoxonases; Introduction; PON1; Human Polymorphisms of PON1 and Definition of PON1 Status; Modulation of PON1 Activity and Expression; PON2
PON2 as an Intracellular Antioxidant Enzyme Modulation of PON2; PON3: Activity, Polymorphisms, Physiological Functions, and Modulation; Interactions of Metals with PONs; In Vitro Effects of Metals on PONs; Effects of Metals on PONs: Animal Studies; Metals and PONs: Human Studies; Lead; Arsenic; Methylmercury and Selenium; Cadmium; Other Metals; Potential Mechanisms of PON1 Modulation by Metals; Summary and Conclusions; References; Manganese and the Insulin-IGF Signaling Network in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders; Introduction
IIS Signaling and Its Role in the Brain Mn and Insulin/IGF Homeostasis; HD Pathobiology; Mn Dysregulation in HD; IIS Dysregulation in HD; Autophagy Deficits in HD, Potential Links to Mn and IIS; Mitochondrial Pathology in HD, Possible Links to Mn and IIS; IIS Signaling and Mn in Other NDDs; PD and IIS/Mn; AD and IIS/Mn; ALS and IIS/Mn; Autophagy in Other Neurodegenerative Diseases; Manganese Toxicity and IGF; The Co-regulation of ATM, Mn, and Insulin/IGF; IIS Signaling, Mn, and Cancer; Conclusions; References; Occupational Metal Exposure and Parkinsonism; Introduction
Executive Function Memory; Academic Achievement; Effects on Motor Functions; Behavior; Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Other Behavioral Outcomes; Effects on Olfactory Function; References; Inherited Disorders of Manganese Metabolism; Introduction; SLC30A10; SLC39A14; SLC39A8; Concluding Perspectives; References; Part II: Neurodegenerative Disorders; Chemical Speciation of Selenium and Mercury as Determinant of Their Neurotoxicity; Introduction; Selenium in the Environment and in the Living Organisms; Selenium: Neurotoxic or Neuroprotector?
From Selenide to Selenoproteins Selenoproteins in the Brain; Mercury in the Environment and in the Living Organisms; Inorganic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Organic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Selenium and Mercury: Brain Antagonistic Interactions; Selenium as Antagonist of Inorganic Mercury Neurotoxicity; Selenium as an Antagonist of the Neurotoxicity Induced by Organic Mercury; Conclusion; References; Metals and Paraoxonases; Introduction; PON1; Human Polymorphisms of PON1 and Definition of PON1 Status; Modulation of PON1 Activity and Expression; PON2
PON2 as an Intracellular Antioxidant Enzyme Modulation of PON2; PON3: Activity, Polymorphisms, Physiological Functions, and Modulation; Interactions of Metals with PONs; In Vitro Effects of Metals on PONs; Effects of Metals on PONs: Animal Studies; Metals and PONs: Human Studies; Lead; Arsenic; Methylmercury and Selenium; Cadmium; Other Metals; Potential Mechanisms of PON1 Modulation by Metals; Summary and Conclusions; References; Manganese and the Insulin-IGF Signaling Network in Huntington's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders; Introduction
IIS Signaling and Its Role in the Brain Mn and Insulin/IGF Homeostasis; HD Pathobiology; Mn Dysregulation in HD; IIS Dysregulation in HD; Autophagy Deficits in HD, Potential Links to Mn and IIS; Mitochondrial Pathology in HD, Possible Links to Mn and IIS; IIS Signaling and Mn in Other NDDs; PD and IIS/Mn; AD and IIS/Mn; ALS and IIS/Mn; Autophagy in Other Neurodegenerative Diseases; Manganese Toxicity and IGF; The Co-regulation of ATM, Mn, and Insulin/IGF; IIS Signaling, Mn, and Cancer; Conclusions; References; Occupational Metal Exposure and Parkinsonism; Introduction