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The Acoustical Society of America; Series Preface; Preface 1992; Volume Preface; Contents; Contributors; 1 Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene; Abstract; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Some Central Concepts; 1.3 Overview of the Volume; 1.4 Ears and Brains; References; 2 Auditory Object Formation and Selection; Abstract; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 The Cocktail Party: Confusing Mixtures and Limited Processing Capacity; 2.1.2 Object-Based Attention; 2.1.3 Heterarchical Rather Than Hierarchical Processing; 2.1.4 A Historical Note; 2.2 Parsing the Acoustic Scene: Auditory Object Formation.
2.2.1 Local Spectrotemporal Cues Support "Syllable-Level" Object Formation2.2.2 Higher-Order Features Link Syllables into "Streams"; 2.2.3 Open Questions; 2.3 Focusing Attention: Selecting What to Process; 2.3.1 Top-Down Control Guides Selection; 2.3.2 Bottom-up Salience Influences Attention; 2.3.3 Extracting Meaning from Imperfect Objects; 2.4 Perceptual Consequences of Object-Based Auditory Selective Attention; 2.4.1 Failure to Divide Attention; 2.4.2 Obligatory Interactions Between Formation and Selection; 2.4.3 Costs of Switching Attention.
2.5 Neural Mechanisms Supporting Object Formation2.6 Neural Mechanisms Supporting Object Selection; 2.6.1 Visual Cognitive Networks Controlling Attention; 2.6.2 Auditory Spatial Attention Engages Visual Orienting and Reorienting Networks; 2.6.3 Nonspatial Auditory Attention Differentially Engages Auditory-Specific Networks; 2.6.4 Both Sensory Modality and Task Demands Affect Network Activity; 2.6.5 Entrainment of Neural Responses to Attended Speech; 2.6.6 Other Neural Signatures of Focused Auditory Attention; 2.7 Summary Comments; References; 3 Energetic Masking and Masking Release; Abstract.
3.1 Introduction3.2 Segregation by Fundamental Frequency; 3.2.1 The Effect of an F0 Difference; 3.2.2 Selecting Harmonic Components of a Common F0; 3.2.3 Temporal Analysis; 3.2.4 Effects of Peripheral Nonlinearity; 3.2.5 Cancellation Mechanisms; 3.2.6 Level of Processing; 3.2.7 Conclusions; 3.3 Masking and Masking Release by Envelope Fluctuations; 3.3.1 Listening in the Dips; 3.3.2 Effects of Peripheral Nonlinearity; 3.3.3 Modulation Masking; 3.3.4 Intrinsic Modulation in Noises; 3.3.5 Models Based on Modulation Filter Banks; 3.3.6 Dip Listening in the Hearing Impaired; 3.3.7 Conclusions.
3.4 Spatial Release from Masking3.4.1 Better-Ear Listening; 3.4.2 Binaural Unmasking; 3.4.3 The Problem of "Sluggishness"; 3.4.4 Models of SRM; 3.4.5 Conclusions; 3.5 Other Mechanisms; 3.5.1 Effect of Frequency Modulation on Prominence; 3.5.2 Onset-Time Differences and the Potential Role of Adaptation; 3.6 Summary; References; 4 Informational Masking in Speech Recognition; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The History of Study of the Special Case of SOS Masking; 4.3 Determining Energetic and Informational Masking in SOS Masking; 4.3.1 Uncertainty; 4.3.2 Controlling/Estimating Energetic Masking.
2.2.1 Local Spectrotemporal Cues Support "Syllable-Level" Object Formation2.2.2 Higher-Order Features Link Syllables into "Streams"; 2.2.3 Open Questions; 2.3 Focusing Attention: Selecting What to Process; 2.3.1 Top-Down Control Guides Selection; 2.3.2 Bottom-up Salience Influences Attention; 2.3.3 Extracting Meaning from Imperfect Objects; 2.4 Perceptual Consequences of Object-Based Auditory Selective Attention; 2.4.1 Failure to Divide Attention; 2.4.2 Obligatory Interactions Between Formation and Selection; 2.4.3 Costs of Switching Attention.
2.5 Neural Mechanisms Supporting Object Formation2.6 Neural Mechanisms Supporting Object Selection; 2.6.1 Visual Cognitive Networks Controlling Attention; 2.6.2 Auditory Spatial Attention Engages Visual Orienting and Reorienting Networks; 2.6.3 Nonspatial Auditory Attention Differentially Engages Auditory-Specific Networks; 2.6.4 Both Sensory Modality and Task Demands Affect Network Activity; 2.6.5 Entrainment of Neural Responses to Attended Speech; 2.6.6 Other Neural Signatures of Focused Auditory Attention; 2.7 Summary Comments; References; 3 Energetic Masking and Masking Release; Abstract.
3.1 Introduction3.2 Segregation by Fundamental Frequency; 3.2.1 The Effect of an F0 Difference; 3.2.2 Selecting Harmonic Components of a Common F0; 3.2.3 Temporal Analysis; 3.2.4 Effects of Peripheral Nonlinearity; 3.2.5 Cancellation Mechanisms; 3.2.6 Level of Processing; 3.2.7 Conclusions; 3.3 Masking and Masking Release by Envelope Fluctuations; 3.3.1 Listening in the Dips; 3.3.2 Effects of Peripheral Nonlinearity; 3.3.3 Modulation Masking; 3.3.4 Intrinsic Modulation in Noises; 3.3.5 Models Based on Modulation Filter Banks; 3.3.6 Dip Listening in the Hearing Impaired; 3.3.7 Conclusions.
3.4 Spatial Release from Masking3.4.1 Better-Ear Listening; 3.4.2 Binaural Unmasking; 3.4.3 The Problem of "Sluggishness"; 3.4.4 Models of SRM; 3.4.5 Conclusions; 3.5 Other Mechanisms; 3.5.1 Effect of Frequency Modulation on Prominence; 3.5.2 Onset-Time Differences and the Potential Role of Adaptation; 3.6 Summary; References; 4 Informational Masking in Speech Recognition; Abstract; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 The History of Study of the Special Case of SOS Masking; 4.3 Determining Energetic and Informational Masking in SOS Masking; 4.3.1 Uncertainty; 4.3.2 Controlling/Estimating Energetic Masking.