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Foreword; Preface; Contents; Contributors; List of Abbreviations; Part I: Product Risks; Types of Consumer Products; 1 Characteristics of Consumers and Products; 1.1 What Is a Consumer?; 1.2 What Is a Consumer Product?; 1.2.1 Variety of Products; 2 Convenience Products; 2.1 Products to Save Consumerś Time; 2.2 Widely Available and Inexpensive; 3 Staple Products; 4 Comparison Shopping Products; 4.1 Products that Require Comparison and Deliberation; 4.2 Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Shopping Products; 5 Luxury and Specialty Products; 5.1 Special Interest Products.
5.2 Products Tailored to the Consumer6 Reactionary Products: Unsought and Emergency Goods; 7 Intangibles and Services; 7.1 Digital Goods; 7.2 Services; 8 Industrial Products Available to Consumers; 9 Self-Service and the Do-It-Yourself Economy; References; Risks of Consumer Products; 1 Consumer Risk; 2 Risks to the Environment and Society; 3 An Evidence-Based Approach to Risk Assessment: Measuring Risk Throughout the Product Life Cycle; 3.1 Defining Product Risk Assessment Throughout the Product Life Cycle; 3.2 Common Components of Consumer Product Risk Assessment.
3.3 Types of Risk Assessment4 Managing Risk: The Role of Proper Compliance; 4.1 Global Regulatory Standards; 4.2 U.S. Standards; 4.3 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC); 4.4 Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 4.5 Department of Homeland Security (DHS); 4.6 National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB); 4.6.1 Canadian Standards; 4.6.2 British Standards; 4.6.3 European Union Standards; 4.6.4 Best Practices; 5 Conclusion; References; Non-Clinical Research-Based Product Assessment; 1 An Approach That Has Become Essential; 2 The Non-Clinical Evaluation of Drugs: A Major, Restrictive Model.
2.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties: How Does the Drug Work?2.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties: Where and How Do a Drug and Its Metabolites Distribute?; 2.3 Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Toxicity; 2.4 Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis; 2.5 Reproductive Functions; 2.6 Integration of Preclinical Study Results in Clinical Development; 3 The Development of New Approaches; 3.1 What Role Do in silico Approaches Have?; 3.2 From Cell-Based Models to Organs-On-Chips; 3.3 Phase 0 trials: The Human as a Possible ``Non-Clinical ́́Model; 4 Issues Related to the Evaluation of Products Other than Drugs or Medicines.
4.1 Medical Devices: When a Non-Clinical Assessment Needs a Clinical Approach4.2 Cosmetics and Personal Care Products; 4.3 The Global Burden of Endocrine Disruptors and Their Possible Life-Long Toxicity; 4.4 The Evaluation of Food Toxicity: From Traditional Ingredients to Novel Foods; 4.5 Issues Concerning Nanomaterials; 5 Rethinking the Future; References; Clinical Research-Based Product Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Trying Conjectures; 3 Historical Developments; 4 Epistemological Aspects; 5 Treatment Effects; 6 Consumer Products; 7 Allocation vs. Preference; 8 Real World; References.
5.2 Products Tailored to the Consumer6 Reactionary Products: Unsought and Emergency Goods; 7 Intangibles and Services; 7.1 Digital Goods; 7.2 Services; 8 Industrial Products Available to Consumers; 9 Self-Service and the Do-It-Yourself Economy; References; Risks of Consumer Products; 1 Consumer Risk; 2 Risks to the Environment and Society; 3 An Evidence-Based Approach to Risk Assessment: Measuring Risk Throughout the Product Life Cycle; 3.1 Defining Product Risk Assessment Throughout the Product Life Cycle; 3.2 Common Components of Consumer Product Risk Assessment.
3.3 Types of Risk Assessment4 Managing Risk: The Role of Proper Compliance; 4.1 Global Regulatory Standards; 4.2 U.S. Standards; 4.3 Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC); 4.4 Food and Drug Administration (FDA); 4.5 Department of Homeland Security (DHS); 4.6 National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB); 4.6.1 Canadian Standards; 4.6.2 British Standards; 4.6.3 European Union Standards; 4.6.4 Best Practices; 5 Conclusion; References; Non-Clinical Research-Based Product Assessment; 1 An Approach That Has Become Essential; 2 The Non-Clinical Evaluation of Drugs: A Major, Restrictive Model.
2.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties: How Does the Drug Work?2.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties: Where and How Do a Drug and Its Metabolites Distribute?; 2.3 Evaluation of Acute and Chronic Toxicity; 2.4 Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis; 2.5 Reproductive Functions; 2.6 Integration of Preclinical Study Results in Clinical Development; 3 The Development of New Approaches; 3.1 What Role Do in silico Approaches Have?; 3.2 From Cell-Based Models to Organs-On-Chips; 3.3 Phase 0 trials: The Human as a Possible ``Non-Clinical ́́Model; 4 Issues Related to the Evaluation of Products Other than Drugs or Medicines.
4.1 Medical Devices: When a Non-Clinical Assessment Needs a Clinical Approach4.2 Cosmetics and Personal Care Products; 4.3 The Global Burden of Endocrine Disruptors and Their Possible Life-Long Toxicity; 4.4 The Evaluation of Food Toxicity: From Traditional Ingredients to Novel Foods; 4.5 Issues Concerning Nanomaterials; 5 Rethinking the Future; References; Clinical Research-Based Product Assessment; 1 Introduction; 2 Trying Conjectures; 3 Historical Developments; 4 Epistemological Aspects; 5 Treatment Effects; 6 Consumer Products; 7 Allocation vs. Preference; 8 Real World; References.