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Table of Contents
Preface; Contents; About the Author; Introduction; Analytical Approach to Navigation; 1 Terrestrial Navigation; 1.1 On the Design of Conformal-Mercator and Non-conformal Charts and Plotting Sheets; 1.2 Rhumb-Line or Loxodrome Navigation; 1.3 Approximations of Loxodromes by Straight Lines on the Plotting Sheet; 1.4 Applications and Numerical Examples; 1.5 Gnomonic or Great-Circle Navigation; 1.6 Numerical Examples and More Chart Projections; 2 Astro-navigation; 2.1 Lines of Position, Position Fix, Navigational Triangle and Fix by Computation
2.2 Celestial Sphere, Equatorial and Horizon System of Coordinates, Navigational Triangle and the Ecliptic Coordinate System2.3 Conclusions and Numerical Examples; 2.4 The Use of the Exact Equations for Finding the Position at Sea or Air by Employing Two or More Altitude Measurements Together with the Corresponding Measurements of Time; 2.5 Conclusions and Numerical Examples; 2.6 An Exact Method Based on Cartesian Coordinates and Vector Representations; 2.7 Numerical Examples and Conclusions
2.8 On Approximate Solutions for Finding the Position at Sea or Air by Employing Two or More Altitude Observations2.9 An Approximate Method Based on Matrices and the Least Square Approximation; 2.10 Sumner's Line of Assumed Position Method as Scientific Method; 2.11 Numerical Example and Logarithmic Algorithm; 2.12 How an Approximate Position at Sea or Air Can Be Found if an Approximate Value for the Azimuth or the Parallactic Angle Is Known in Addition to One Altitude; 2.13 On the Effect of a Change in Time on the Altitude and Azimuth
2.14 How to Determine Latitude at Sea or Air Without the Use of a Clock2.15 On Calculating the Interval Between Meridian Passage and Maximum Altitude and Finding Approximate Longitude and Latitude of a Moving Vessel, and Longitude by Equal Altitudes; 2.16 To Find Latitude by Observing Polaris When Exact UTC and Longitude or an Approximation Is Available; 2.17 The Most Probable Position When Only One LOP and DRP Are Known; 2.18 How to Calculate the Time of Rising and Setting of Celestial Objects and How to Use the Measured Time of These Phenomena to Find Longitude
2.19 On the Identification of Stars and Planets2.20 How to Navigate Without a Sextant; 2.21 On Finding Time and Longitude at Sea, the Equation of Computed Time (ECT), and Being Completely Lost; 3 Methods for Reducing Measured Altitude to Apparent Altitude; 3.1 Navigational Refraction that Includes Astronomical Refraction for Low Altitude Observations; 3.2 The Dip of the Horizon as a Function of Temperature and Pressure; 3.3 Planetary Parallax and Semi-diameter of the Sun and Moon; 3.4 Time and Timekeeping
2.2 Celestial Sphere, Equatorial and Horizon System of Coordinates, Navigational Triangle and the Ecliptic Coordinate System2.3 Conclusions and Numerical Examples; 2.4 The Use of the Exact Equations for Finding the Position at Sea or Air by Employing Two or More Altitude Measurements Together with the Corresponding Measurements of Time; 2.5 Conclusions and Numerical Examples; 2.6 An Exact Method Based on Cartesian Coordinates and Vector Representations; 2.7 Numerical Examples and Conclusions
2.8 On Approximate Solutions for Finding the Position at Sea or Air by Employing Two or More Altitude Observations2.9 An Approximate Method Based on Matrices and the Least Square Approximation; 2.10 Sumner's Line of Assumed Position Method as Scientific Method; 2.11 Numerical Example and Logarithmic Algorithm; 2.12 How an Approximate Position at Sea or Air Can Be Found if an Approximate Value for the Azimuth or the Parallactic Angle Is Known in Addition to One Altitude; 2.13 On the Effect of a Change in Time on the Altitude and Azimuth
2.14 How to Determine Latitude at Sea or Air Without the Use of a Clock2.15 On Calculating the Interval Between Meridian Passage and Maximum Altitude and Finding Approximate Longitude and Latitude of a Moving Vessel, and Longitude by Equal Altitudes; 2.16 To Find Latitude by Observing Polaris When Exact UTC and Longitude or an Approximation Is Available; 2.17 The Most Probable Position When Only One LOP and DRP Are Known; 2.18 How to Calculate the Time of Rising and Setting of Celestial Objects and How to Use the Measured Time of These Phenomena to Find Longitude
2.19 On the Identification of Stars and Planets2.20 How to Navigate Without a Sextant; 2.21 On Finding Time and Longitude at Sea, the Equation of Computed Time (ECT), and Being Completely Lost; 3 Methods for Reducing Measured Altitude to Apparent Altitude; 3.1 Navigational Refraction that Includes Astronomical Refraction for Low Altitude Observations; 3.2 The Dip of the Horizon as a Function of Temperature and Pressure; 3.3 Planetary Parallax and Semi-diameter of the Sun and Moon; 3.4 Time and Timekeeping