Table of Contents; Table of Figures; 1 Competency Orientation in Higher Education; 2 An Overview of Assessment Practices; 2.1 International and national frameworks and initiatives defining learning outcomes in higher education; 2.2 Assessing competencies in higher education; 2.2.1 Assessment practices in various countries; 2.2.2 Assessment practices in higher education institutions; 2.2.3 International assessments; 3 Modeling and Measuring Competencies in Germany. The KoKoHs Program; 3.1 Objectives and tasks; 3.2 Scope and projects; 3.3 Models and instruments.

3.4 Validation and application in higher education practices4 Demands in Higher Education. Results of the KoKoHs Projects; 4.1 Challenges in diff erent study phases; 4.2 Diversity orientation
Implications for assessment at the beginning of studies; 4.2.1 Integration of students; 4.2.2 Diagnostic assessment
Findings from KoKoHs; 4.2.3 Application potential for practice; 4.3 Equity in higher education; 4.3.1 Access, opportunities, and success for diverse groupsof students; 4.3.2 Process diagnostics and other applications of assessment.

4.4 Promoting acquisition of domain-specific and generic competencies in higher education4.4.1 Strengthening employability and social participation; 4.4.2 Competency orientation in teaching and examination; 5 Development Perspectives for Higher Education Research and Practice; 6 Conclusion and Outlook; 7 An Overview of KoKoHs Projects, Models, and Instruments; 8 Validation and Applications of KoKoHs Assessments; 9 Publication of KoKoHs Projects; References; Online.