Intro; Preface; Contents; Introduction to Academic Achievement Assessment; 1 Historical Development of Academic Achievement Assessment; 1 Early Stages of Academic Achievement Assessment; 1.1 Origination; 1.2 Maturities; 1.2.1 Focus on Education Quality; 1.2.2 Development of Theories and Techniques in Educational Evaluation; 1.2.3 Governmental Efforts to Ensure Education Quality; 2 Evolution of Academic Achievement Assessment; 2.1 Greater Scale of Development; 2.2 New Understandings of Education Quality; References; 2 Overview of Academic Achievement Assessment

1 Purpose of Academic Achievement Assessment1.1 Essence, Direct Goal, and Ultimate Goal of Academic Achievement Assessment; 1.1.1 Essence; Innate Trait-Raising Education Quality; Qualitative Prescription; 1.1.2 Direct Goal and Ultimate Goal; 1.2 Significance of Conducting Academic Achievement Assessment; 2 Content and Technical Considerations of Academic Achievement Assessment; 2.1 Concept Analysis of Academic Achievement; 2.2 Content of Academic Achievement Assessment; 2.3 Technical Review of Academic Achievement Assessment; 3 Organizer of Academic Achievement Assessment

3.1 Historical and Realistic Views of Assessment Organizers3.2 China's Organizer System; 4 Analysis and Application of Assessment Results; 4.1 Analysis of Assessment Results; 4.1.1 Data Analysis of Academic Achievement; 4.1.2 Data Analysis of Questionnaire Survey; 4.2 Application of Assessment Results; References; International Comparison of Academic Achievement Assessment; 3 Assessment Systems of International Organizations; 1 PISA System; 1.1 Introduction to PISA; 1.1.1 Overview; 1.1.2 Approach; 1.2 Organization and Implementation; 1.2.1 Organizational Structure; 1.2.2 Student Sampling

Sample SizeSampling Procedures; Sampling Design; Reflection on Sampling in China's Educational Research; 1.3 Test Design; 1.3.1 Scientific Literacy; Definition; Assessment Framework; Test Structure, Example Items, and Scoring Scheme; Item Types and Distribution; Example Items and Scoring Scheme; 1.3.2 Reading Literacy; Definition; Assessment Framework; The Five Processes; Situations; Test Structure, Example Items, and Scoring Scheme; Item Types and Distribution; Example Items and Scoring Scheme; 1.3.3 Mathematical Literacy; Definition; Assessment Framework; Content; Processes; Situations

Test Structure, Example Items, and Scoring SchemeItem Types and Distribution; Example Items and Scoring Scheme; 1.3.4 Things to Learn from PISA Test Design; Items Are Arranged in Units; Attitudinal Assessment Is Possible; Literacy Is the Goal of the Assessment; Test Items Are Contextualized; 1.4 PISA's Analytic and Reporting Framework; 1.4.1 Analytic Framework; 1.4.2 Reporting Framework; Data Analysis of the OECD Report; National Reports; Baseline Profile of Students' Knowledge and Skills; Analysis of Factors Affecting Student Performance