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Table of Contents
Intro; Objective; Preface; Contents; About the Editor; Bio-based Materials: Past to Future; 1 Introduction; 2 Active Biopackaging; 3 Smart/Intelligent Packaging; 4 Issues with Packaging Materials; 5 Renewable-Based Materials; 6 Starch; 6.1 Physiochemical Properties; 6.2 Characteristics of Starch Granules; 6.3 Processing of Starch; 6.4 Resistant Starch; 6.5 Ionic Liquid; 7 Cellulose; 7.1 Hemicellulose; 8 Pectins; 9 Carrageenans; 10 Alginate; 11 Glycogen; 12 Chitin; 12.1 Chitosan; 12.2 Stability; 12.3 Carboxymethyl Chitosan (CMC); 12.4 Various Forms; 12.5 Modified Chitosan
12.6 Michael Reaction12.7 Bonding Purposes; 13 Bacterial Cellulose; 14 Bacterial Alginates; 15 Others Exopolysaccharides; 16 Hydrogels; 17 Protein; 17.1 Type of Protein; 18 Gelatin; 19 Galactomannans; 20 Nanotechnology; 20.1 Bio-based Nanocomposites; 21 Gelatin-Starch OSA; 22 Starch Clay; 23 PLA-Starch; 24 PLA; 25 Chitosan and Gelatin; 26 PHA (Polyhydroxy Alkaloids); 27 PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate); 28 TPS-Chitosan; 29 TPS, Chitin and Chitosan; 30 Chitin and Starch; 31 PCL; 32 Cellulose Fibre; 33 PCL Fibre; 34 Starch Clay; 35 TPS, PLA and Clay; 36 PHB-HV Maize; 37 Gelatin-Starch OSA
38 Glass39 Plastics; 40 Conclusion; References; Interaction Phenomena Between Packaging and Product; 1 Introduction; 2 Interaction; 2.1 Migration; 2.2 Permeation; 2.3 Sorption; 3 Factors Affecting Interaction Phenomena; 3.1 Nature of the Food Material; 3.2 Nature of the Packaging Material; 3.3 Environmental and Storage Factors; 4 Effects of Interaction; 4.1 On Polymers; 4.2 On Product; 4.3 Health Effects; 5 Testing Methods; 5.1 Simulants; 5.2 Analytical Instruments; 5.3 Mathematical Models; 6 Regulations; 7 Conclusion; References; Testing Methods for Packaging Materials; 1 Introduction
2 Regulation in Testing Methods2.1 ASTM International; 2.2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 2.3 International Safe Transit Association (ISTA); 2.4 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI); 3 Testing Methods for Packaging Materials; 3.1 Analysis of Mechanical Properties; 3.1.1 Compression Test; 3.1.2 Tensile Test; 3.1.3 Vibration Test; 3.1.4 Drop Test; 3.1.5 Impact Test; 3.1.6 Heat Seal Integrity; 3.2 Testing Methods for Physical Properties; 3.2.1 Thickness Measurement; 3.2.2 Gloss Detection; 3.2.3 Leak Testing; 3.2.4 Water Vapor Transmission Rate
Gravimetric MethodModulated Infrared Sensor; Relative Humidity Sensor; 3.2.5 Gas Permeability Testing; 3.3 Biodegradability Testing; 3.3.1 Soil Burial Method; 3.3.2 Microbiological Degradation Test; 3.3.3 Compost Method; 3.3.4 Enzymatic Degradation Test; 3.4 Thermal Analysis Techniques; 3.4.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry; 3.4.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis; 3.4.3 Thermomechanical Analysis; 3.5 Chemical Testing of Packaging Material; 3.5.1 Testing of Migration from Packaging Material; 4 Conclusion; References; Functionality and Properties of Bio-based Materials; 1 Introduction
12.6 Michael Reaction12.7 Bonding Purposes; 13 Bacterial Cellulose; 14 Bacterial Alginates; 15 Others Exopolysaccharides; 16 Hydrogels; 17 Protein; 17.1 Type of Protein; 18 Gelatin; 19 Galactomannans; 20 Nanotechnology; 20.1 Bio-based Nanocomposites; 21 Gelatin-Starch OSA; 22 Starch Clay; 23 PLA-Starch; 24 PLA; 25 Chitosan and Gelatin; 26 PHA (Polyhydroxy Alkaloids); 27 PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate); 28 TPS-Chitosan; 29 TPS, Chitin and Chitosan; 30 Chitin and Starch; 31 PCL; 32 Cellulose Fibre; 33 PCL Fibre; 34 Starch Clay; 35 TPS, PLA and Clay; 36 PHB-HV Maize; 37 Gelatin-Starch OSA
38 Glass39 Plastics; 40 Conclusion; References; Interaction Phenomena Between Packaging and Product; 1 Introduction; 2 Interaction; 2.1 Migration; 2.2 Permeation; 2.3 Sorption; 3 Factors Affecting Interaction Phenomena; 3.1 Nature of the Food Material; 3.2 Nature of the Packaging Material; 3.3 Environmental and Storage Factors; 4 Effects of Interaction; 4.1 On Polymers; 4.2 On Product; 4.3 Health Effects; 5 Testing Methods; 5.1 Simulants; 5.2 Analytical Instruments; 5.3 Mathematical Models; 6 Regulations; 7 Conclusion; References; Testing Methods for Packaging Materials; 1 Introduction
2 Regulation in Testing Methods2.1 ASTM International; 2.2 International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 2.3 International Safe Transit Association (ISTA); 2.4 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI); 3 Testing Methods for Packaging Materials; 3.1 Analysis of Mechanical Properties; 3.1.1 Compression Test; 3.1.2 Tensile Test; 3.1.3 Vibration Test; 3.1.4 Drop Test; 3.1.5 Impact Test; 3.1.6 Heat Seal Integrity; 3.2 Testing Methods for Physical Properties; 3.2.1 Thickness Measurement; 3.2.2 Gloss Detection; 3.2.3 Leak Testing; 3.2.4 Water Vapor Transmission Rate
Gravimetric MethodModulated Infrared Sensor; Relative Humidity Sensor; 3.2.5 Gas Permeability Testing; 3.3 Biodegradability Testing; 3.3.1 Soil Burial Method; 3.3.2 Microbiological Degradation Test; 3.3.3 Compost Method; 3.3.4 Enzymatic Degradation Test; 3.4 Thermal Analysis Techniques; 3.4.1 Differential Scanning Calorimetry; 3.4.2 Thermogravimetric Analysis; 3.4.3 Thermomechanical Analysis; 3.5 Chemical Testing of Packaging Material; 3.5.1 Testing of Migration from Packaging Material; 4 Conclusion; References; Functionality and Properties of Bio-based Materials; 1 Introduction