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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; 1 Iron; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Iron Homeostasis Regulation; 1.3 Iron and Age Related Conditions and Diseases; 1.3.1 Iron and Cancer; 1.3.2 Iron and Atherosclerosis; 1.3.3 Iron and Cardiovascular Diseases; 1.3.4 Iron and Brain Diseases; 1.3.5 Iron and Obesity Related Disorders; 1.4 Iron Deficiency; 1.5 Recommended Iron Intake for Longevity in the Elderly; 1.6 Interaction of Iron with Drugs Prescribed in the Elderly; 1.6.1 Medications Which Absorption Can Be Decreased by Iron; 1.6.2 Medications that Decrease Iron Absorption.
1.6.3 Medication that Increase Blood Iron Levels1.7 Iron and Species Lifespan Studies; 1.8 Conclusion; References; 2 Copper; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Intestinal and Hepatic Tissues Determine Whole-Body Copper Distribution; 2.3 Recommended Dietary Intake of Copper; 2.4 Essentiality, Deficiency, and Intake Related to Aging; 2.4.1 Copper Deficiency and Oxidative Stress Protection During Ageing; 2.4.2 Copper Deficiency and Inflammatory/Immune Response During Ageing; 2.4.3 Copper and Central Nervous System; 2.5 Copper and Species Longevity; 2.5.1 Yeasts; 2.5.2 Flies, Worms and Rotifers; 2.5.3 Mice.
2.5.4 Cellular Senescence: In Vitro Models2.6 New Technology to Study the Role of Copper on the Ageing; 2.7 Copper Toxicity; 2.7.1 Excess/Toxicity and Age-Related Disease: Childhood and Ageing; 2.7.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases; 2.7.3 Treatments to Combat Metal Overload; 2.8 New Perspectives in Copper and Ageing; 2.9 Conclusive Remarks; References; 3 Selenium; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Selenium in the Environment; 3.3 Selenium in Human and Animal Nutrition; 3.3.1 Need for Selenium in Humans; 3.3.2 Source of Selenium in Human Diet; 3.3.3 Endemic Diseases Related to Selenium Deficiency.
3.4 Metabolism of Selenium in the Organism3.4.1 Selenium Absorption, Distribution in the Tissues and Excretion; 3.4.2 Synthesis of Selenoproteins; 3.5 The Major Selenoproteins and Their Functions; 3.5.1 Glutathione Peroxidases; 3.5.2 Thioredoxin Reductases; 3.5.3 Iodothyronine Deiodinases; 3.5.4 Selenophosphate Synthethase 2; 3.5.5 Selenoprotein P; 3.5.6 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase (Selenoprotein R); 3.5.7 Effects of Dietary Selenium on Selenoprotein Levels; 3.6 Biological Functions of Selenium in Humans and Animals; 3.6.1 Selenium and the Immune Function.
3.6.2 Selenium and Viral Infection3.6.3 Selenium and Thyroid Function; 3.6.4 Selenium and Brain Function; 3.6.5 Selenium and Fertility; 3.6.6 Selenium and Cardiovascular Disease; 3.6.7 Role of Selenium in Detoxification of Harmful Substances; 3.6.8 Effect of Selenium on Diabetes Risk; 3.6.9 Selenium and Cancer Risk; 3.7 Health Effects of Excess Selenium; 3.7.1 Selenium Toxicity and Tolerable Upper Level of Selenium Intake; 3.7.2 Mechanisms of Selenium Toxicity; 3.8 Selenium and Longevity; 3.8.1 Selenium Intake and Mortality Risk; 3.8.2 Selenium and Aging; 3.8.3 Selenium and Longevity; 3.9 Conclusions.
1.6.3 Medication that Increase Blood Iron Levels1.7 Iron and Species Lifespan Studies; 1.8 Conclusion; References; 2 Copper; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Intestinal and Hepatic Tissues Determine Whole-Body Copper Distribution; 2.3 Recommended Dietary Intake of Copper; 2.4 Essentiality, Deficiency, and Intake Related to Aging; 2.4.1 Copper Deficiency and Oxidative Stress Protection During Ageing; 2.4.2 Copper Deficiency and Inflammatory/Immune Response During Ageing; 2.4.3 Copper and Central Nervous System; 2.5 Copper and Species Longevity; 2.5.1 Yeasts; 2.5.2 Flies, Worms and Rotifers; 2.5.3 Mice.
2.5.4 Cellular Senescence: In Vitro Models2.6 New Technology to Study the Role of Copper on the Ageing; 2.7 Copper Toxicity; 2.7.1 Excess/Toxicity and Age-Related Disease: Childhood and Ageing; 2.7.2 Neurodegenerative Diseases; 2.7.3 Treatments to Combat Metal Overload; 2.8 New Perspectives in Copper and Ageing; 2.9 Conclusive Remarks; References; 3 Selenium; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Selenium in the Environment; 3.3 Selenium in Human and Animal Nutrition; 3.3.1 Need for Selenium in Humans; 3.3.2 Source of Selenium in Human Diet; 3.3.3 Endemic Diseases Related to Selenium Deficiency.
3.4 Metabolism of Selenium in the Organism3.4.1 Selenium Absorption, Distribution in the Tissues and Excretion; 3.4.2 Synthesis of Selenoproteins; 3.5 The Major Selenoproteins and Their Functions; 3.5.1 Glutathione Peroxidases; 3.5.2 Thioredoxin Reductases; 3.5.3 Iodothyronine Deiodinases; 3.5.4 Selenophosphate Synthethase 2; 3.5.5 Selenoprotein P; 3.5.6 Methionine-R-Sulfoxide Reductase (Selenoprotein R); 3.5.7 Effects of Dietary Selenium on Selenoprotein Levels; 3.6 Biological Functions of Selenium in Humans and Animals; 3.6.1 Selenium and the Immune Function.
3.6.2 Selenium and Viral Infection3.6.3 Selenium and Thyroid Function; 3.6.4 Selenium and Brain Function; 3.6.5 Selenium and Fertility; 3.6.6 Selenium and Cardiovascular Disease; 3.6.7 Role of Selenium in Detoxification of Harmful Substances; 3.6.8 Effect of Selenium on Diabetes Risk; 3.6.9 Selenium and Cancer Risk; 3.7 Health Effects of Excess Selenium; 3.7.1 Selenium Toxicity and Tolerable Upper Level of Selenium Intake; 3.7.2 Mechanisms of Selenium Toxicity; 3.8 Selenium and Longevity; 3.8.1 Selenium Intake and Mortality Risk; 3.8.2 Selenium and Aging; 3.8.3 Selenium and Longevity; 3.9 Conclusions.