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Table of Contents
Intro; Preface to the Series; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Chapter 1: Interaction of Gravity with Cellular Compounds; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Structure and Function of the Neuronal System; 1.3 Biological Membranes; 1.4 Neuronal Cells; 1.5 Thermodynamics of Neuronal Systems; 1.6 Interaction of Gravity with Single Molecules; 1.7 Interaction of Gravity with Membranes; 1.8 Interaction of Gravity with Neuronal Cells; 1.9 Membrane Potential; 1.10 Action Potentials; 1.11 Cytosolic Calcium Concentration; 1.12 Discussion and Consequences; 1.13 Modeling the Gravity Dependence of Neuronal Tissue
1.14 Space Pharmacology1.15 Outlook and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 2: Interaction of Gravity with Cell Metabolism; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods; 2.2.1 Opportunities for Exposure; 2.2.1.1 Centrifugation; 2.2.1.2 Clinorotation; 2.2.1.3 Random Positioning; 2.2.1.4 Magnetic Levitation; 2.2.1.5 Space Shuttle and Satellite; 2.2.1.6 Sounding Rockets; 2.2.1.7 Parabolic Flights: Hyper-g, Partial g, and Microgravity; 2.2.2 Plant Material; 2.2.3 Determination of Key Metabolites; 2.2.4 Metabolic Labeling with (14C)-Glucose; 2.2.5 Real-Time Analysis of Ca2+ and Hydrogen Peroxide
2.2.6 Gene and Protein Expression2.3 Results; 2.3.1 Metabolism; 2.3.2 Secondary Messengers: Calcium and Hydrogen Peroxide; 2.3.3 Gene Expression; 2.3.3.1 Expression of Genes Coding for Primary Metabolism; 2.3.3.2 Expression of Genes Coding for Transcription Factors; Time-Course Experiments: Hyper-g and Simulation of Microgravity; Effects of Microgravity: MAXUS 7; Functions of TFs; 2.3.3.3 Conclusion for Transcription Factor Studies; 2.3.4 Array Studies; 2.3.4.1 Macroarrays (``Home Made)́́; 2.3.4.2 Early Microarrays (Incyte Genomics); 2.3.4.3 Affymetrix Microarrays; 2.3.5 Platforms
2.3.6 Protein Expression and Modulation2.3.6.1 Hypergravity; 2.3.6.2 2-D Clinorotation; 2.3.6.3 Random Positioning; Phosphoproteom; Two-dimensional SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; 2.3.6.4 Protein Labeling; 2.3.6.5 Evaluation of Simulation of Microgravity; 2.3.6.6 How We Think that a Gravity-Related Line of Plant Responses Works: Secondary Messengers, Genes, and Proteins; ROS Scavenging and Detoxifying Enzymes; Signal Transduction; Metabolism; Protein Translation and Proteolysis; Cell Wall Biosynthesis; Ion homeostasis; 2.4 Conclusions; References
1.14 Space Pharmacology1.15 Outlook and Future Perspectives; References; Chapter 2: Interaction of Gravity with Cell Metabolism; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Methods; 2.2.1 Opportunities for Exposure; 2.2.1.1 Centrifugation; 2.2.1.2 Clinorotation; 2.2.1.3 Random Positioning; 2.2.1.4 Magnetic Levitation; 2.2.1.5 Space Shuttle and Satellite; 2.2.1.6 Sounding Rockets; 2.2.1.7 Parabolic Flights: Hyper-g, Partial g, and Microgravity; 2.2.2 Plant Material; 2.2.3 Determination of Key Metabolites; 2.2.4 Metabolic Labeling with (14C)-Glucose; 2.2.5 Real-Time Analysis of Ca2+ and Hydrogen Peroxide
2.2.6 Gene and Protein Expression2.3 Results; 2.3.1 Metabolism; 2.3.2 Secondary Messengers: Calcium and Hydrogen Peroxide; 2.3.3 Gene Expression; 2.3.3.1 Expression of Genes Coding for Primary Metabolism; 2.3.3.2 Expression of Genes Coding for Transcription Factors; Time-Course Experiments: Hyper-g and Simulation of Microgravity; Effects of Microgravity: MAXUS 7; Functions of TFs; 2.3.3.3 Conclusion for Transcription Factor Studies; 2.3.4 Array Studies; 2.3.4.1 Macroarrays (``Home Made)́́; 2.3.4.2 Early Microarrays (Incyte Genomics); 2.3.4.3 Affymetrix Microarrays; 2.3.5 Platforms
2.3.6 Protein Expression and Modulation2.3.6.1 Hypergravity; 2.3.6.2 2-D Clinorotation; 2.3.6.3 Random Positioning; Phosphoproteom; Two-dimensional SDS Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis; 2.3.6.4 Protein Labeling; 2.3.6.5 Evaluation of Simulation of Microgravity; 2.3.6.6 How We Think that a Gravity-Related Line of Plant Responses Works: Secondary Messengers, Genes, and Proteins; ROS Scavenging and Detoxifying Enzymes; Signal Transduction; Metabolism; Protein Translation and Proteolysis; Cell Wall Biosynthesis; Ion homeostasis; 2.4 Conclusions; References