Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; About the Editors; Novel Therapeutics and Diagnostics Strategies Based on Engineered Nanobiomaterials; 1 Introduction; 2 Salient Features of Nanomaterials; 3 Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials; 3.1 Bone Tissue Engineering; 3.2 Stem Cell Therapy; 3.3 Potential Therapeutics for Neurodegeneration; 3.4 Cancer Therapy; 3.5 Wound Healing Applications; 4 Drug Delivery; 4.1 Nano-emulsions; 4.2 Inorganic Nanoparticles; 4.2.1 Gold Nanoparticles (AuNPs); 4.2.2 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (IONPs); 4.2.3 Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs); 4.2.4 Quantum Dots (QDs)

5 Nanomaterials in Diagnostics5.1 Nanocomposites; 5.2 Nanoparticles; 5.3 Quantum Dots; 6 Conclusions and Future Prospective; References; Gold Nanostructures for Photothermal Therapy; 1 Introduction; 2 Types of Gold Nanostructures and Their Optical Properties; 2.1 Gold Nanospheres; 2.2 Gold Nanorods; 2.3 Gold Nanoshells; 2.4 Gold Nanocages and Nanorattles; 2.5 Gold Nanostars (GNSTs) and Gold Nanopopcorns (GNPs); 3 Mechanism of Heat Generation and Cell Death Induced by Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy (PTT); 3.1 Mechanism of Heat Generation; 3.2 Mechanism of Cell Death; 3.2.1 Apoptosis

3.2.2 Necrosis3.2.3 Secondary or Apoptotic Necrosis; 3.2.4 Factors Affecting Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy (PPTT); 3.2.5 Mechanism of Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy (PPTT); 4 Plasmonic Photothermal Therapy by Different Gold Nanostructures; 4.1 Gold Nanospheres; 4.2 Gold Nanorods (GNRs); 4.3 Gold Nanoshells (GNSs); 4.4 Gold Nanocages (GNCs) and Gold Nanorattles (GNRTs); 4.5 Gold Nanostars (GNSTs) and Gold Nanopopcorns (GNPs); 4.6 Gold Nanoaggregates; 5 Summary and Outlook; References; Nanomaterials-Based siRNA Delivery: Routes of Administration, Hurdles and Role of Nanocarriers

1 Introduction1.1 Mechanism of siRNA Interference; 2 Advantages of siRNA; 2.1 Potency; 2.2 Selectivity; 2.3 Safe and Cheap Alternative; 3 Routes of Administration of siRNA; 3.1 Localized Delivery; 3.1.1 Topical Administration; 3.1.2 Ocular Administration; 3.1.3 Pulmonary Administration; 3.1.4 Gastrointestinal Administration; 3.1.5 Central Nervous System Administration; 3.1.6 Vaginal Administration; 3.2 Systemic Delivery; 3.2.1 Oral Administration; 3.2.2 Intravenous Administration; 3.2.3 Intraperitoneal Administration; 4 Major Hurdles to the Therapeutic Delivery of siRNA; 4.1 Transient Effect

4.2 Stability4.3 Physiological Barriers; 4.4 Cellular Uptake and Endosomal Engulfing; 4.5 Off-Target Effect; 4.6 Saturation of RNAi Machinery; 4.7 Stimulation of Immune System by siRNAs; 5 Overcoming the Hurdles to siRNA Delivery Using Nanocarriers; 6 The Aid of Nanocarriers for siRNA Delivery; 6.1 Enhanced Blood Retention Time; 6.2 Enhanced Stability and Cell Penetration Property; 6.3 Site-Specific Delivery; 6.4 pH-Sensitive Trigger Release; 6.5 Avoid Intracellular Endosomal Engulfing; 7 Classification of Nanocarriers Used for Systemic Delivery of siRNA; 7.1 Organic Nanocarriers