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Intro; Editorial; Contents; Spectroscopic and Analyses Techniques; 1 High-Resolution Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy: Absolute Cross Section Measurements for Low Energy Electron Scattering from Biomolecules; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 General; 1.1.2 Radiotherapy Modalities and Low-Energy Electrons; 1.1.3 Monte Carlo Simulations and Nanodosimetry; 1.2 Absolute Cross Sections Measurements with HREELS; 1.2.1 Condensed Phase Scattering; 1.2.2 HREEL Spectroscopy; 1.2.3 Absolute Cross Sections for Condensed Biomolecules; 1.3 Nanodosimetry Using Absolute Cross Sections from HREELS Measurements
1.4 Future Trends1.5 Conclusion; References; 2 Synchrotron Radiation UV-VUV Photoabsorption of Gas Phase Molecules; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Photoabsorption Basics; 2.2.1 The Beer Lambert Law; 2.2.2 Cross-Section; 2.2.3 Absorption of Light and the Dipole Approximation; 2.2.4 Valence and Rydberg States; 2.2.5 Coupling to Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES); 2.2.6 Comparison to Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy; 2.3 Experimental Set-Up; 2.3.1 A Source of VUV-Visible Light; 2.3.2 The AU-UV Beam Line; 2.3.3 The Gas Phase Photoabsorption Apparatus
2.3.4 Subtraction Methods for Rydberg and Vibrational State Analysis2.3.5 Other SR Photo-absorption Beam Lines (Overview); 2.4 Electronic Structure Methods; 2.4.1 Short Introduction to Ab Initio Methods; 2.4.2 Atomic Basis Sets; 2.4.3 Assignment of Experimental Spectra; 2.4.4 Photoelectron Spectra; 2.4.5 Vibrational Fine Structure; 2.5 Investigated Classes of Molecules; 2.5.1 An Example of a Series of Photoabsorption Spectra: Substituted Benzenes; 2.6 Outlook; References; 3 Fluorescence Spectroscopy; 3.1 General Considerations; 3.1.1 Excited State Deactivation Pathways for Molecules
3.1.2 Quantum Yields3.1.3 Excited State Lifetimes; 3.1.4 Stern-Volmer Analysis and Quenching Mechanisms; 3.1.5 Concentration Quenching and Excimer Formation; 3.1.6 Charge Transfer Mechanism: Exciplex Formation and Decay; 3.1.7 Energy Transfer Mechanisms; 3.2 Experimental Aspects of Fluorescence Spectroscopy; 3.2.1 The Spectrofluorometer; 3.2.2 Acquisition of Spectra; 3.2.3 Troubleshooting; 3.2.4 Fluorescence Versus Phosphorescence; 3.2.5 Low Temperature Luminescence; References; 4 Raman Biospectroscopy and Imaging; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methodology; 4.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy (RS)
4.2.2 Advanced Raman Spectroscopy4.2.3 Raman Instrument; 4.3 Applications; 4.3.1 Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalysis; 4.3.2 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Biomolecules Containing Metal or Organic Chromophores; 4.3.3 Surface Enhanced (Resonance) Raman Spectroscopy of Biomolecules; 4.3.4 Raman Imaging of Cells and Tissues; 4.4 Outlook; References; 5 Circular Dichroism and Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Applications to Biomaterials; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 B23 Beamline for Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD); 5.2.1 B23 Higher Photon Flux; 5.2.2 Protein UV-Denaturation Assay
1.4 Future Trends1.5 Conclusion; References; 2 Synchrotron Radiation UV-VUV Photoabsorption of Gas Phase Molecules; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Photoabsorption Basics; 2.2.1 The Beer Lambert Law; 2.2.2 Cross-Section; 2.2.3 Absorption of Light and the Dipole Approximation; 2.2.4 Valence and Rydberg States; 2.2.5 Coupling to Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES); 2.2.6 Comparison to Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy; 2.3 Experimental Set-Up; 2.3.1 A Source of VUV-Visible Light; 2.3.2 The AU-UV Beam Line; 2.3.3 The Gas Phase Photoabsorption Apparatus
2.3.4 Subtraction Methods for Rydberg and Vibrational State Analysis2.3.5 Other SR Photo-absorption Beam Lines (Overview); 2.4 Electronic Structure Methods; 2.4.1 Short Introduction to Ab Initio Methods; 2.4.2 Atomic Basis Sets; 2.4.3 Assignment of Experimental Spectra; 2.4.4 Photoelectron Spectra; 2.4.5 Vibrational Fine Structure; 2.5 Investigated Classes of Molecules; 2.5.1 An Example of a Series of Photoabsorption Spectra: Substituted Benzenes; 2.6 Outlook; References; 3 Fluorescence Spectroscopy; 3.1 General Considerations; 3.1.1 Excited State Deactivation Pathways for Molecules
3.1.2 Quantum Yields3.1.3 Excited State Lifetimes; 3.1.4 Stern-Volmer Analysis and Quenching Mechanisms; 3.1.5 Concentration Quenching and Excimer Formation; 3.1.6 Charge Transfer Mechanism: Exciplex Formation and Decay; 3.1.7 Energy Transfer Mechanisms; 3.2 Experimental Aspects of Fluorescence Spectroscopy; 3.2.1 The Spectrofluorometer; 3.2.2 Acquisition of Spectra; 3.2.3 Troubleshooting; 3.2.4 Fluorescence Versus Phosphorescence; 3.2.5 Low Temperature Luminescence; References; 4 Raman Biospectroscopy and Imaging; 4.1 Introduction; 4.2 Methodology; 4.2.1 Raman Spectroscopy (RS)
4.2.2 Advanced Raman Spectroscopy4.2.3 Raman Instrument; 4.3 Applications; 4.3.1 Raman Spectroscopy for Bioanalysis; 4.3.2 Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of Biomolecules Containing Metal or Organic Chromophores; 4.3.3 Surface Enhanced (Resonance) Raman Spectroscopy of Biomolecules; 4.3.4 Raman Imaging of Cells and Tissues; 4.4 Outlook; References; 5 Circular Dichroism and Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Applications to Biomaterials; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 B23 Beamline for Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism (SRCD); 5.2.1 B23 Higher Photon Flux; 5.2.2 Protein UV-Denaturation Assay