Cover
Preface
Contents
Editor
List of Contributors
Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food and Feed: Principles, Applications and Future Perspectives
1 Introduction: Principles of Food and Feed Risk Assessment
2 Exposure Assessment: How Much of a Chemical is an Organism Exposed to?
2.1 Occurrence: Measuring the Amount of the Chemical in Food and Feed
2.2 Consumption: How Much of the Food or Feed is Consumed?
2.3 Putting Occurrence and Consumption Together
3 Hazard Identification and Characterisation
3.1 What the Body Does to the Chemical: Toxicokinetics

3.2 What the Chemical Does to the Body: Toxicodynamics
3.3 Toxicological Databases
4 Risk Characterisation: Comparing Exposure and Hazard to Determine Health Risk for the Exposed Population
4.1 Single Chemicals
4.2 Risk Assessment of Multiple Chemicals ''Chemical Mixtures''
5 Widening the Approach to Animal Health and the Environment: Future Perspectives for One Health Approach
References
Chemical Pollution of the Aquatic Environment and Health
Chemical Pollution of the Aquatic Environment and Health
1 Introduction
2 Chemicals

2.1 Heavy Metals: Lead, Mercury, Arsenic, Cadmium
2.2 Agricultural Fertilisers, Nitrates and Pesticides
2.3 Industrial Chemicals, Solvents, Plasticisers, Flame Retardants, Surfactants,
2.4 Chlorination By-products
2.5 Oestrogens and Endocrine Disruptors
2.6 Radioactivity
2.7 Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products and Antibiotics
2.8 Microplastics and Nanoparticles
3 Risk
3.1 Toxic Impact and Factors Affecting It
4 Discussion
4.1 Vulnerable Populations
4.2 Legislation and Unintended Consequences
4.3 Limits of Detection

4.4 Detected Substances as a Marker for Undetected Substances
4.5 Effective Reduction Measures and Interventions in the Source/Pathway/Receptor Chain
5 Conclusion
References
Microbiological Contamination of Water and Health
1 Introduction: International Management Initiatives and Impacts: The Global Picture
2 Indicators and Pathogens
3 Water and Disease Transmission
3.1 Water-borne Disease and its Control Through Water Quality Standards
4 Conclusions
References
Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollutant Exposure
1 Sources of Air Pollutants

1.1 Outdoor Air Pollutants and Sources
1.2 Indoor Air Pollutants and Sources (See Also Chapter 5)
2 Characteristics of Outdoor and Indoor Environments
2.1 Outdoor Environment Characteristics
2.2 Indoor Environment Characteristics
2.3 Interaction Between Outdoor and Indoor Air Pollutants
3 Air Pollution Guidelines and Standards: Outdoor and Indoor
4 Air Pollutant Exposure and Pathways
4.1 Exposure Assessment
Acknowledgements
References
The Effects of Air Pollution upon Public Health
1 Introduction
2 Key Concepts Related to Disease Burden Estimation