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Table of Contents
Intro
Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Historical Context of Higher Education
1.1 Background
1.2 China
1.2.1 Education Through the Dynasties
1.3 Academies
1.4 The Contemporary Transformation
1.5 India
1.6 The Brahminical Education
1.7 Introduction of Education Institutions
1.8 A Changed System of Education
1.9 The Beginning of Modern Education
1.10 Disillusionment and Change in the Higher Education System
1.11 Post-Independence Growth
1.12 Diversity of Evolution
2 Evolution of Higher Education Policy in China
2.1 Re-organization of the Education System in the 20th Century
2.2 Reforms of May 1944
2.3 Education System of the PRC
2.3.1 Mao's Great Leap Forward
2.4 A New Order
2.5 The Law on Education
2.6 Reforms of Deng and Their Aftermath
2.6.1 The National Plan 2010-2020
3 Evolution of Higher Education Policy in India
3.1 The University Grants Commission
3.2 Growth in the Five Year Plans
3.2.1 Kothari Commission
3.2.2 The National Policy of Education, 1968
3.3 The National Policy of Education, 1986, and Ramamurthy Committee
3.3.1 Janardan Reddy Committee
3.3.2 Gnanam Committee
3.4 Inculcating a Scientific Temper
3.5 National Knowledge Commission
3.6 Expansion and Challenges
3.7 RUSA
3.8 Private Sector and the Narayan Murthy Committee
3.9 Divergent Policies and Their Implementation
4 Higher Education and Equity and Affirmative Action in China
4.1 Stalinist Approach with a Marxist Overlay
4.2 Affirmative Action
4.3 Legal Rights of Minorities
4.4 The Development of Minority Education Policies
4.5 Gaokao
4.6 Language and Culture
4.7 Factors Overlapping with Ethnicity
4.8 Market Forces
4.9 Evaluation
5 Higher Education and Equity and Affirmative Action in India
5.1 Background
5.2 Constituent Assembly and the First Amendment
5.3 The First Backward Class Commission: Kaka Kalelkar
5.3.1 The Balaji Case
5.4 The Second Backward Classes Commission: BP Mandal
5.4.1 The Indra Sawhney Case
5.5 The 93rd Amendment of the Indian Constitution
5.5.1 Outcomes
5.5.2 2016 Study of N. V. Varghese and Others
5.6 Current Situation
5.7 Inequalities and Disadvantages in Access
5.8 Uneasy Growth in Access
5.9 Quotas and Implications for the Individuals
5.10 Two Alternatives for Affirmative Action
5.11 The Case for a Diversity Index
5.12 In Summary
5.13 Divergent Views
Notes
6 Internationalization of Higher Education in China
6.1 Students Studying Abroad
6.2 Efforts to Recruit Overseas Scholars
6.3 Project of Thousand Talents
6.4 The Current Scene
6.5 Sino Foreign Collaboration
6.5.1 Double-Degree Programmes
6.5.2 Branch Campuses
6.6 Academic Freedom
6.7 Further Evolution of Internationalization
6.8 Geopolitical Outreach and Internationalization
6.8.1 Confucius Institutes
6.9 United Front Work
Preface
Contents
About the Author
1 Historical Context of Higher Education
1.1 Background
1.2 China
1.2.1 Education Through the Dynasties
1.3 Academies
1.4 The Contemporary Transformation
1.5 India
1.6 The Brahminical Education
1.7 Introduction of Education Institutions
1.8 A Changed System of Education
1.9 The Beginning of Modern Education
1.10 Disillusionment and Change in the Higher Education System
1.11 Post-Independence Growth
1.12 Diversity of Evolution
2 Evolution of Higher Education Policy in China
2.1 Re-organization of the Education System in the 20th Century
2.2 Reforms of May 1944
2.3 Education System of the PRC
2.3.1 Mao's Great Leap Forward
2.4 A New Order
2.5 The Law on Education
2.6 Reforms of Deng and Their Aftermath
2.6.1 The National Plan 2010-2020
3 Evolution of Higher Education Policy in India
3.1 The University Grants Commission
3.2 Growth in the Five Year Plans
3.2.1 Kothari Commission
3.2.2 The National Policy of Education, 1968
3.3 The National Policy of Education, 1986, and Ramamurthy Committee
3.3.1 Janardan Reddy Committee
3.3.2 Gnanam Committee
3.4 Inculcating a Scientific Temper
3.5 National Knowledge Commission
3.6 Expansion and Challenges
3.7 RUSA
3.8 Private Sector and the Narayan Murthy Committee
3.9 Divergent Policies and Their Implementation
4 Higher Education and Equity and Affirmative Action in China
4.1 Stalinist Approach with a Marxist Overlay
4.2 Affirmative Action
4.3 Legal Rights of Minorities
4.4 The Development of Minority Education Policies
4.5 Gaokao
4.6 Language and Culture
4.7 Factors Overlapping with Ethnicity
4.8 Market Forces
4.9 Evaluation
5 Higher Education and Equity and Affirmative Action in India
5.1 Background
5.2 Constituent Assembly and the First Amendment
5.3 The First Backward Class Commission: Kaka Kalelkar
5.3.1 The Balaji Case
5.4 The Second Backward Classes Commission: BP Mandal
5.4.1 The Indra Sawhney Case
5.5 The 93rd Amendment of the Indian Constitution
5.5.1 Outcomes
5.5.2 2016 Study of N. V. Varghese and Others
5.6 Current Situation
5.7 Inequalities and Disadvantages in Access
5.8 Uneasy Growth in Access
5.9 Quotas and Implications for the Individuals
5.10 Two Alternatives for Affirmative Action
5.11 The Case for a Diversity Index
5.12 In Summary
5.13 Divergent Views
Notes
6 Internationalization of Higher Education in China
6.1 Students Studying Abroad
6.2 Efforts to Recruit Overseas Scholars
6.3 Project of Thousand Talents
6.4 The Current Scene
6.5 Sino Foreign Collaboration
6.5.1 Double-Degree Programmes
6.5.2 Branch Campuses
6.6 Academic Freedom
6.7 Further Evolution of Internationalization
6.8 Geopolitical Outreach and Internationalization
6.8.1 Confucius Institutes
6.9 United Front Work