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Table of Contents
Editors and Contributors; 1 Introduction to the Issue of Coexistence; What is the Issue?; The Scale and Scope of Coexistence Issues; Objectives for This Book; Structure of the Book; References; 2 The Science of Gene Flow in Agriculture and Its Role in Coexistence; Introduction; Managing Gene Flow in Agriculture; Understanding the Implications of Gene Flow; The Seed Industry Model; Crop Considerations; Self-Pollinating Species; Outcrossing Crops; Case Studies; Alfalfa; Cereals; Biofuel Crops; Trees; Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies; Biological Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies.
Genic Male SterilityCMS and Maternal Inheritance; Transgene Excision; Conditional Seed Viability; Prospects for Engineered Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies; Practical Implications of Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies; Diverse Markets and Economic Considerations; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Developing Market Driven Standards for Coexistence: Tolerances, Thresholds, and Other Technical Standards Used by the Seed Industry; Seed Industry Best Practices; Lot Tracking/Preventing Physical Mixing; Methods of Controlling Pollen Flow; Seed Purity Testing; Seed Quality Programs.
Biotechnology and CoexistenceSummary; Resources; 4 Economic and Legal Principles of Coexistence Policy in North America; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary; References; 5 Organic Label Rules and Market Tensions: The Challenge of Satisfying Buyers; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary; References; 6 Developing Solutions for Coexistence in the EU-Legal, Technical, and Economic Issues; What Does Coexistence Mean for the EU?; The European Coexistence Bureau; The Way Ahead; Acknowledgment; References.
7 The Principle(s) of Co-existence in the Market for GMOs in Europe: Social, Economic and Legal AvenuesIntroduction; Principles-Based Versus Rules-Based Regulation; The Principle(s) of Co-existence in the EU; The Information Paradigm, or: The Right to Choose; Principle of Proportionality; Precautionary Principle; Principle that the Polluter Shall Pay; Subsidiarity Principle; Economic Evaluation of These Principles; Conclusion; References; 8 Coexistence in Brazil; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary/Synthesis; References.
9 What Can We Learn About Coexistence from Commercial Non-GM Programs in the US?Survey of US GM and Non-GM Producers; Demographics and Farm Characteristics; Incentives for Participation in Non-GM Production; Potential Constraints on Non-GM Production; Conclusion: Is There a Market Failure to Correct?; References; 10 Lessons from the Legal Cases of GM Alfalfa and Sugar Beet Deregulation in the United States; Overview; The USDA Mandate; Judicial Review; The Geertson Litigation; The Supreme Court Monsanto Decision; The CFS Litigation; The CFS I Litigation; The CFS II Litigation.
Genic Male SterilityCMS and Maternal Inheritance; Transgene Excision; Conditional Seed Viability; Prospects for Engineered Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies; Practical Implications of Gene Flow Mitigation Strategies; Diverse Markets and Economic Considerations; Conclusions; Acknowledgments; References; 3 Developing Market Driven Standards for Coexistence: Tolerances, Thresholds, and Other Technical Standards Used by the Seed Industry; Seed Industry Best Practices; Lot Tracking/Preventing Physical Mixing; Methods of Controlling Pollen Flow; Seed Purity Testing; Seed Quality Programs.
Biotechnology and CoexistenceSummary; Resources; 4 Economic and Legal Principles of Coexistence Policy in North America; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary; References; 5 Organic Label Rules and Market Tensions: The Challenge of Satisfying Buyers; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary; References; 6 Developing Solutions for Coexistence in the EU-Legal, Technical, and Economic Issues; What Does Coexistence Mean for the EU?; The European Coexistence Bureau; The Way Ahead; Acknowledgment; References.
7 The Principle(s) of Co-existence in the Market for GMOs in Europe: Social, Economic and Legal AvenuesIntroduction; Principles-Based Versus Rules-Based Regulation; The Principle(s) of Co-existence in the EU; The Information Paradigm, or: The Right to Choose; Principle of Proportionality; Precautionary Principle; Principle that the Polluter Shall Pay; Subsidiarity Principle; Economic Evaluation of These Principles; Conclusion; References; 8 Coexistence in Brazil; Introduction; Background; Critical Assessment; Coexistence Consequences; Summary/Synthesis; References.
9 What Can We Learn About Coexistence from Commercial Non-GM Programs in the US?Survey of US GM and Non-GM Producers; Demographics and Farm Characteristics; Incentives for Participation in Non-GM Production; Potential Constraints on Non-GM Production; Conclusion: Is There a Market Failure to Correct?; References; 10 Lessons from the Legal Cases of GM Alfalfa and Sugar Beet Deregulation in the United States; Overview; The USDA Mandate; Judicial Review; The Geertson Litigation; The Supreme Court Monsanto Decision; The CFS Litigation; The CFS I Litigation; The CFS II Litigation.